In 1785, Isaac Hale stepped into the headquarters of the Susquehanna Land Company. 176. While it is unlikely Isaac knew much about Josephs education from observing him with the treasure diggers, writing letters was an important part of courting during the period and this gave Isaac an opportunity to evaluate Josephs abilities. George Harper to David Hotchkiss, May 16, 1792, Hotchkiss Collection, Broome County Historical Society, Binghamton, New York. 257. When a boatman was murdered nearby for the money he carried, the men who found the body first ran to the Martin Lane home, when he was not there, they approached John Comfort who led the investigation, and Isaac Hale sat in on the coroners inquest.306. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. As the Hale family and their relatives in the valley joined Methodism one or two at a time over a period of several years, the son of Timothy Pickering Jr. died and Nathaniel Lewis moved his family into the larger Pickering home.223 The Lewis family lived in the large home until Pickering sold it to John Comfort in 1808 and gave Lewis a years notice to move his family out.224 This happened just as land ownership in the valley shifted and the settlers were finally forced to resolve their land titles. 122. Outline of Hale home basement, as suggested by archaeology. Black, Susan Easton, and Harvey Bischoff Black, eds. See BrianC. Hales, Joseph Smiths Polygamy, 3vols. [17], Emma was baptized by Oliver Cowdery on June 28, 1830, in Colesville, New York,[13] where an early branch of the church was established. 4 Son of Reuben Hale and Diantha Ward. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1984), 80405; Lorraine Cook White, ed.,The Barbour Collection of Connecticut Town Vital Records(Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 19942002), 16:21617. Windsor Bridge Company, Subject Files, Broome County Historical Society, Binghamton, New York; Trial Notes of Scribe A, Transcription of the Testimony Given at the Trial of Jason Treadwell, August, 1824, Historic Site Files, LDS Church History Library, hereafter CHL. The tree that marked the spot had been cut down when he shared his story with Catlin and the old man could not tell him where it was buried. Nathaniel Lewis dedicated much of his time during that year to working for the Unitarian Timothy Pickering and assisting the dying Tim Pickering in his last hours, but he was also likely involved in Methodism by then, since he had preached for years in Vermont before marrying and coming to Pennsylvania. They seem to have thought of it. (Salt Lake City: Greg Kofford Books, 2013), 2:33138; Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, A House Full of Females: Plural Marriage and Womens Rights in Early Mormonism, 18351870 (New York: AlfredA. Knopf, 2017), 8696. After two years of unseasonably cold weather many families were at a breaking point.121 They turned increasingly to the river for support. Timothy Pickering Jr., Drawings and Instructions for a House in the Country, The Timothy Pickering Papers, 17451820, 45:4955, Massachusetts Historical Society. Lewis, Lewis Family Collection (15501984), gives the dates of birth for the children as, Elizabeth, November 19, 1767; Nathaniel, May 27, 1769; John, October 3, 1770; Esther, May 31, 1774; Jekiel, August 20, 1776; Molly, June 9, 1779; Reuben, January 13, 1782; Amos, April 7, 1785. 77. Then the elder Pickering came back to the valley to take his son away for better medical treatment. Photo (2006) by Kenneth Mays. Comfort wrote, Nathaniel Lewis Jr. [Nathaniel C. Lewis] had his leg broke last spring by the kick of an ox & has had it amputated above the knee. Searle, Diary, June 1832Nov. Cowdery continued a scribe for Smith until the Book of Mormon was completed as I supposed and understood. [16] According to historical accounts, Isaac Hale, the father of Emma Hale Smith, Joseph Smith's wife, did not approve of Joseph Smith and was not pleased with his daughter's decision to marry him. 255. The rise of the Rodsmen placed Methodists in the community such as Lewis in direct opposition to the local treasure digging culture that had been part of their Connecticut roots. Some thought it might not have been buried on Block Island but on the nearby Thimble Islands just off the coast from Nathaniel Lewiss childhood home and a few hundred feet from the much smaller Lewis Island. Their father, Isaac, spent his time in the backwoods and had no known formal education. July 3, 2022 In consider how sergei reacts when yoni comes to the door. Although Raymond Bailey noted It is thought [Emma] . Children: Emma Hale--- When it became a common practice to . If you retire into the grove. Samuel Whaley,History of the Township of Mount Pleasant, Wayne County, Pennsylvania(New York: M.W. See Lydia Dimock Searle, Diary, June 1832Nov. William Cope, a young Quaker from a wealthy family in Philadelphia, came through the neighborhood in 1818 on a tour of the remote country, and he observed, these people do not seem to value the comforts of a good house as persons in a more cultivated country. Four of Isaacs children were named after his Ward relatives, an additional three were named after Elizabeths Lewis family, and the youngest child, their son Reuben, was more likely named after Elizabeths brother Reuben Lewis than Isaacs brother Reuben Hale. A surveyor in the employment of Dr. R. H. Rose, while tracing a boundary line through the woods, placed his hand high on a tree to mark where the ax-man, who followed, should strike out a chip as an evidence of the line that had been run. For additional background see Francis Whiting Halsey,The Old New York Frontier(New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1901), 28. Of these times, she later wrote: No one but God knows the reflections of my mind and the feelings of my heart when I left our house and home, and almost all of everything that we possessed excepting our little children, and took my journey out of the State of Missouri, leaving [Joseph] shut up in that lonesome prison. . Walker, The Persisting Idea of American Treasure Hunting, 44950. . Blackman,History of Susquehanna County,103. As a middling mansion, the newly built frame home was full of enough comforts to impress Lucy Smith, but not large enough for the family to live in high style. The Hale farm began with Isaac Hale. 112. Joseph Anderson, ed.,The Town and City of Waterbury, Connecticut, from the Aboriginal Period to the Year Eighteen Hundred and Ninety-Five(New Haven: The Price and Lee Company, 1896), 1:398, 581, and 712; and Mary Audentia Smith Anderson,Ancestry and Posterity of Joseph Smith and Emma Hale(Independence, Mo. See Larry C. Porter, A Study of the Origins of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the States of New York and Pennsylvania, 18161831 (PhD diss., Brigham Young University, 1971), 118. He was also educated and his son Jesse Lane served as a local Justice of the Peace. tiger woods mini golf arizona. She may have waited for an ecstatic religious experience to bring her into the faith similarly to many others. Although Nathaniel Lewis enlisted for two separate terms during the French and Indian war, he enlisted again in 1775 as talk of revolution moved through Connecticuts churches and taverns, and he served in the Continental Navy under Lieutenant David Welch when it was first formed until his enlistment expired on November 10, 1775.72 Since the navy was initially made of up merchantmen, Lewis may have been working in the shipping trade when he enlisted, or he may have presented his earlier navy experience at enlistment. Hale family geographical origins. Roses men began mapping property on the north side of the river so it could be sold. 40. The detailed reports of this excavation are available in the unpublished documents: Hartgen Archaeological Associates, Inc., Report, Historic Sites, Church Historians Office, 2005; Hartgen Archeological Associates, Inc., Archeological Field Investigations and Addenda 1 and 2, Joseph Smith Jr. House Site, Town of Oakland (Formerly Harmony), Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, May 2005. Young Emma and Charles were briefly raised within the same extended family until Charles left the valley with his mother. Arah began to build a second, larger home until the dam to his mill gave out and destroyed his home and livelihood. Also available as A Study of the Origins of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the States of New York and Pennsylvania, 18161831, Dissertations in Latter-day Saint History (Provo, UT: Joseph Fielding Smith Institute for Latter-day Saint History; BYU Studies, 2000). Lord help me to be prepared to go to rest when thou shalt remove me hence.285 The next day the oldest of Isaac and Elizabeth Hales daughters, Phebe, died. George Peck, a minister who traveled through the valley along the great river bend many times during the first half of the nineteenth century called it the Susquehanna Valley, (Peck,Life and Times,455). It had one roughly eight feet square chamber on the main level attached to the kitchen and either two large upstairs sleeping chambers ten feet deep by thirteen feet wide or four small upstairs chambers less than ten feet deep by six feet wide. While the Spanish had discovered or appropriated gold and silver mines in Peru and other places in South America, the British had not been as successful, and so they turned to the more common way of getting goldtaking it from others. Pickering family correspondence notes Lurenas mother lived with her in the Susquehanna Valley but would return to her sons in Vermont when Lurena left for Massachusetts. When Josiah Stow witnessed a land transaction of George Harpers on April 18, 1789, Harper sold the land but specifically retained ownership allways all gold and silver mines on the property.103. Wilkinson,Annals of Binghamton, 10708. January 18, 1827 Emma is married to Joseph Smith, Jr. by Zechariah Tarble at South Bainbridge (later Afton), New York. 44. It was Potters congregation during Isaacs childhood that Jonathan Edwards had tried to call to repentance when he preached his famous sermon, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. The sermon had not taken then, and the congregation had not adopted Edwards conservative stance when Joseph and Antha were married, but the Reverend Potter still had gone too far when he married a black man and a white woman. The younger Pickering, a Harvard graduate like his father, resigned his navy commission on May 2, 1801, left Massachusetts on the stagecoach one week later, and eventually walked from the end of the turnpike, through Pennsylvanias mountains into the Susquehanna Valley and to his fathers land. This was the home the Lewis family briefly occupied. Not included in this list but included in the original act were fulling mills, slitting mills, and rolling mills. . Grave of Alvin Smith is seen at the far left. She was also directed to compile a book of hymns for the Church, and she was warned to continue in a spirit of meekness, and beware of pride. (D&C 25:1113.). The other families were those of John Hilborn, Martin Lane, and John Comfort. Her mother Elizabeth Lewis Hale died in 1842. Nelson Wheeler Whipple worked at John Comforts sawmill after Martin Lane purchased it, Anor Whipple, History of Nelson Wheeler Whipple, 18181887,http://clegg-webb.com/Histories/Nelson%20Wheeler%20Whipple%20History.html. Thy soul has been afflicted because of the wickedness of men in seeking the destruction of thy companion, and thy whole soul has been drawn out in prayer for his deliverance; rejoice, for the Lord thy God has heard thy supplication. Amy Wallace, Gold Lures Geologists to Connecticut,The New York Times,July 8, 1986, accessed April 10, 2015, www.nytimes.com/1986/07/08/science/gold-lures-geologists-to-connecticut.html. Benson Bobrick,Angel in the Whirlwind: The Triumph of the American Revolution(New York: Penguin Books, 1997),50-51, 148. Hale traveled from Connecticut along the newly opened turnpike to southwestern New York until he arrived at Ouaquaga village or Old Oquago,which straddled the Susquehanna River four miles south of what would eventually become Colesville, New York.30 Major General John Sullivans soldiers had already burned Ouaquaga to the ground and massacred hundreds of Onondaga tribal members and recently settled Tuscarora families before Hale arrived, leaving corn in the fields, apples in the orchards, and tools scattered about the ground. 228. Daniel Bucks Congregational churches became the foundation of the religious community in the region. His eventual father-in-law, Nathaniel Lewis, also lived in the area and was drawn into one of these searches. F. Russell Meyer,The Reverend Elam Potter(Enfield, Conn.: Enfield Congregational Church, 2002). Emma left permanently with her husband in September 1830. They made nose pendants, ear plugs, gorgets, and crucifixes from European silver to adorn themselves and learned to work other metals. Jesse moved his fifteen-year-old bride immediately into her new frame home. In response to Emmas invitation, Isaac and Elizabeth Hales children who had already left the Susquehanna Valley settled farms within visiting distance of the city of Nauvoo, although they elected to not live within the Mormon community. He began focusing on the Old Testament rather than the New for his teaching, and his parishioners accused him of preaching immoral doctrine along with claiming the doctrine of faith was not found in the Old Testament and that a conscience was not a natural faculty, but the result of education.171 Although Buck continued to serve until his death in 1814, the congregation struggled for the rest of his tenure.172, The Hale and Lewis families were apparently influenced along with others by the Buck difficulty, and withdrew from his congregationalthough it is not clear if it was the immoral doctrine, issues of faith, those of a conscience, or all of these that offended them. Lorenzo Saunders, interview by William H. Kelly, September 17, 1884, E. L. Kelley Papers, Community of Christ Library and Archives, Independence, Missouri, hereafter CCA, cited in Dan Vogel, William D. Purple Reminiscence, April 28, 1877,Early Mormon Documents, 5 vols. He had been relaxing in his home when he was called upon to walk to the neighboring Treadwell home to interview a neighbor. It would be twenty years before forests would become cultivated fields. Photograph by Mark L. Staker, Onondaga pottery, found on Hale Farm, Collection of the LDS Church History. Isaac did not pay the tax for the log home and it may have been used by others who paid the tax for that home. Mary S. and John W. Parks, present owners. Many had already left for education, or to follow spouses who preferred to live elsewhere. 15. Young Joseph (as he became known) was the first of her natural children to live to adulthood. After the Buck difficulty, instead of nearly all the families being pious, not but two or three were to be found entitled to that sacred epithet.175 The community still gathered for social interaction on the Sabbath, but they held their Sunday meetings in the local log schoolhouse and read from Thomas Paines Age of Reasoninstead of the Bible. Elizabeth laid her arms across her chest and passed quietly away with out stiring or makeing any motion whatever at two oclock in the morning on February 16, 1842. During the Jason Treadwell murder trial, part of the testimony hinged on Treadwells eating breakfast at the Hale home the morning after the murder. If correct, this places the Hale land payments at somewhere around $35.00 a year for a decade. Susquehanna County, Township Incorporations, 1790 to 1853, Susquehanna County Historical Society, Montrose, Pennsylvania. Emma and Joseph's descendants grew Last Will and Testament of Isaac Hale, Susquehanna County, Pa., Wills and Administrations, 18121921, December 23, 1838, 1:21213. [citation needed] She and Bidamon had no children of their own. As the foliage colors warmed and deepened, Hale joined his efforts with Buck at Ouaquaga where he hunted for meat while Buck gathered frost-bitten corn growing unattended in the fields. 181. 216. . While activities of the Rodsmen climaxed in 1801, the use of rods began in the late 1780s as Nathaniel Jr. approached adulthood and started courting. The Lewis family arrived among the earliest settlers, and they would have spent most of their time clearing land to make it productive. The Hales may not have even known he owned it. He was talented, laborious, and had much to do with the planting of Methodism in these parts. Chaffee,History of the Wyoming Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church,48, who wrote after Nathaniel Lewiss death, still referred to him as a local deacon.. He also made arrangements with my son Alva Hale, to go to Palmyra, and move his (Smith's) furniture &c. to this place. Hale and Lewis also built two houses for him, a log one in 1801 and a large, frame, three-story structure in 1805.149 Colonel Pickering drew detailed plans for the home and for a large barn that included specific instructions as to how each space should be arranged and used.150 Hale and Lewis became the poor neighbors whom he has employed [who] view him with the respect and affection of children to a father.151, As Isaac Hale reviewed Pickerings instructions and learned to build the Pickering home, he likely gained experience and ideas he later used in building his own home. The early involvement of Elizabeth in Methodism is discussed below. The Joseph/Jacob Smith land was apparently used for lumbering. [21] According to the minutes of the founding meeting, the organization was formed to "provoke the brethren to good works in looking to the wants of the poor, [search] after objects of charity [and] to assist by correcting the virtues of the female community". When the slave Sylvia Dubois was brought into the valley in 1803, she remembered the road that crossed the Hale property was rough, narrow, and nearly indistinguishable from the forest around it.111, None of the townships thirty-six heads of household during the 1790s could make a living farming even after new roads tied their farms to major shipping routes. Photograph by Mark L. Staker. While Hale family members continued to participate in these meetings, some members of the family may have been among the many backsliders in the valley. Upham,Life of Timothy Pickering,119. Acquainted with Smith during 1825+ because "the moneydiggers" working for Josiah Stowell lodged on his farm. Davis, Lewises Who Served Their Country, 117. The comforts Lucy observed may have included running water. Hartgen, Report, and Hartgen Archeological Field Investigations. While the site did not yield wine glasses or other drinking paraphernalia common to tavern sites, it did yield an abundance of white clay pipe stems and bowl fragments often found at tavern sites. A local slave recalled when she arrived in the valley, already several people had moved to the neighborhood, had erected log houses, cleared the lands, and begun to cultivate fields and raise stock.139 Each family built a log-house covered with bark, which differed from a log cabin in that the logs were smoothed with an adze to create straight edges, and the bark was generally used to enclose the upper portions in lieu of sawn lumber as was the case with the Hale familys neighbor John Osterhout (as seen in the illustration).140, Despite the great insulating qualities and durability of logs, even when they were hewn and nicely shaped settlers considered them less refined than sawn lumber in frame homes, and they tried to improve the look of their homes as soon circumstances allowed.141 The 1798 direct tax lists noted three sawmills in the valley, including that of Sylvanus Traves (or Travis) who lived on the farm immediately east of the Hale property. [11] Untangling the church's debts and property from Emma's personal debts and property proved to be a long and complicated process for Emma and her family. He claimed farmers in the valley typically produced twenty bushels of wheat per acre while many produced twenty-five bushels and some thirty bushels per acre.115 In reality wheat did not grow well in the valley. Glass looking was a common scam in which the glass looker claimed to have the ability to find buried treasure for a fee. There was also something said about "three that were to see the thing" -- meaning I supposed, the Book of Plates, and that "if the three did not go exactly according to the orders, the thing would be taken from them." Isaac Hale said, After I came home in the afternoon ^ of 12 may^ [1824] from the inquest saw Jason near my house he was siting on the fence with my sons, I passed over the fence and took a turn amongst some apple trees and came back close to where he was siting on the fenceI said to him I have seen a most shocking sight today have seen a man that has been murdered . Ezra Stiles, the president of Yale College, lived near both Isaacs maternal and paternal families when he recorded in his diary gossip he heard from Governor Trumbull, who, he believed, received it directly from governor John Winthrop the Younger himself, how Winthrop had found plenty of Gold in a secret gold mine in the nearby mountains and had made a gold ring he showed off to his friends. They courted for several months while Joseph worked to improve his financial situation. As with Zachariah Tarble, Hilborn had been captured by Indians, but his capture occurred in 1773 near Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 85 miles south of the Susquehanna Valley, after which he was also sold into slavery in Canada. isaac hale father of emma smithnatural hair salon hyde park, chicago. Jesse Hale, Harmony Tax Assessment, Susquehanna County, 1813. Norris Galpin Osborn,Men of Mark in Connecticut(Hartford: William R. Goodspeed, 1906), 340. While there is no documentary evidence to suggest why the Hale family continued to attend the Buck congregation after it encountered difficulties, the Pickerings may have contributed to a brief renewed religious interest in the family that dissipated when the Pickerings left. Nathaniel Lewis and other Methodist preachers still held their camp meetings in the hollows and forests of the Endless Mountains, where the cries of the penitents were followed by shouts of deliverance.211, Elisha Bibbins and Marmaduke Pearce, brother-in-law to influential Shouting Methodist George Lane, briefly became the circuit riders for the valley in 1812and continued to encourage grove experiences.212They promised the faithful they could receive direct answer to prayer.213 Bibbins was a man of medium size with a prominent nose and benignant eyes who was so successful in his efforts to invite the interested to seek God in prayer that a local hunter found these Shouting Methodists praying in the woods disruptive and insisted they frightened the deer away [as] he came upon praying people everywhere.214. He also did not agree with his daughter's decision to join the church and move with Joseph to Ohio. Pickering negotiated the treaty of Canandaigua in 1794, and he served as the United States expert on Indian relations until he became Washingtons Secretary of State, a position Pickering held until disagreements with John Adams led to his dismissal on May 12, 1800. Elizabeth Wasson moved with her husband to nearby Colesville in late 1829. When Mumford left Harmony Township in 1831, the 434 acres of unseated lands were initially listed again under Joseph Smith then Joseph was crossed out and Jacob was written above it. But he is never mentioned in later accounts of Rodsmen activity. John Comfort, letter to Silas Comfort, Harmony, September 25, 1847. Smith, and his father, with several other "money-diggers" boarded at my house while they were employed in digging for a mine that they supposed had been opened and worked by the Spaniards, many years since. Soon after this, I was informed they had brought a wonderful book of Plates down with them. They spend whole days in hunting & yet their houses are left in an unfinished state. B. Wilkinson dated the initial settlement of that valley to 1788, (Wilkinson,Annals of Binghamton,110112). They both came to different conclusions than have later Latter-day Saint writers. frozen kasha varnishkes. 41. Levi Fry settled in the low mountains on the northeastern border of Wells Township just east of the Lewis family. OnDecember 27, 1828, Jesse Hale assessed a tax on his fathers 130 1/2 acre farm (due to his rounding the figures, they totaled 131 acres). 188. 121. 59. When Pickering announced to his friends his plans to move in the neighborhood of the Isaac Hale family, his associates tried to dissuade him from settling along such a remote area of the Susquehanna. 266. He lamented the state of religion in letter after letter for more than a decade. While the tax record did not indicate whose property David occupied, his store ledger notes his pigs did damage on Levi Westfalls property, and as the number of acres David paid taxes on went up or down, so also did the assessment on Westfall family property in an inverse relationship. In addition to being church president, Joseph had been trustee-in-trust for the church. Outside observers were not always impressed by the Methodists who generally included more of the poor and uneducated in the valley than other congregations. 195. Quary was responsible for capturing smugglers, but this time he was convinced the men he captured were not just smuggling goods into Pennsylvania but had taken a detour somewhere to bury Kidds famous treasure in its mountains.65 Where, he did not know. It is said that he did not appear to be a man like Paul, brought up at the feet of Gamaliel, though, doubtless, he was a good man. There is no extant record of Emma ever seeing her parents again. Byron Hale, Reuben Hales Obituary, newspaper clipping in possession of descendants of Alva Hale, copy in authors possession. 226. It was too wet and humid for a crop more susceptible to fungi than other grains.116 Barley suffered from similar challenges. . Thou shalt see many days, yea, the Lord will spare thee till thou art satisfied, for thou shalt see thy Redeemer. Albert Clarke, Methodist Episcopal Church, Lanesboro, Penn., Centennial Celebration, March 35, 1912, Susquehanna County Historical Society. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. He recorded the place and text of each sermon presumably so he wouldnt repeat a sermon in the same location. Cookie Notice Jesse Hale served in various elected positions including superintendent of the local schools for District 3 while John Comfort served for District 1. Hale also bought an additional 40 1/2 acres of land from Caleb and Sarah Carmalt for $101.00 but did not record the deed until he sold it years later to a son-in-law, Michael Morse.234The Carmalt addition was a section of land attached to the eastern edge of the Hale property above the land of Ezekiel and William Travis. Map by Brandon S. Plewe. Blackman noted Elizabeth Hale was for fifty years a consistent member of the Methodist church (Blackman,History of Susquehanna County,103). Considered by many as very handsome, though the only standard to which she aspired, was to be calledgoodlooking. Abel, Scraps of History, April 12, 1867, David H. Smith Documents and Reference, CCA. Nathaniel became interested in preaching at a very young age of eleven and one-half years. Register of Baptisms, First Presbyterian Church Records, Hallstead, January 11, 1797. Saved to reddit here. None of the daughters named a child after their mother, although two of Emmas sisters, Elizabeth and Tryal, named a daughter Emma. Blackman,History of Susquehanna County,131. 1833, June 14, 1832. . Emma and Joseph eloped on January18, 1827, in South Bainbridge, New York, and then went to live with the Smith family. 314. 1829, Appendix 1: Agreement of Josiah Stowell and Others, 1 November Dubois and Pike,Centennial of Susquehanna County,73. George Peck,The Life and Times of Rev. Deacon Stowells Long Hunt for GodHis Belief that Smith Could See Fifty Feet into the Earth,Bainbridge Republican,August 23, 1877, 2; reprinted inMontrose Democrat,September 19, 1877. 1841 [Draft 2], History, circa JuneOctober 1839 [Draft 1], Introduction to New York and Pennsylvania Financial "[11] She served as president of the Relief Society until 1844. Collection of the LDS. Sawmills quickly developed all along the river and the remaining waterway was filled with large arks and rafts taking lumber down the Susquehanna to Lancaster County where it was unloaded and carried in wagons 100 miles overland to Philadelphia. . It was on this largely unimproved farm that Joseph Smith Jr. first met Isaac and Elizabeth Hale. 6. Emma first met her future husband, Joseph Smith, in 1825. They also dressed, grained, and tanned deer hides for their neighbors. [1]:7 Hiding the plates in his coat, he descended down the hill after many hours, and instead of taking them home, Joseph hid the plates. Matt Kirk and Corey McQuinn, Hartgen and Associates, Inc. The property boundary on the eastern line of the Lewis property and the western line of the Hale property cut through a Native American camp where a small band cooked food and made arrowheads. The aging parents continued to maintain the farm, but after the 18201822 remodel of their home there were no apparent material changes to their circumstances for their remaining years. Jill Mulvay Derr, Carol Cornwall Madsen, Kate Holbrook, and MatthewJ. Grow,eds., The First Fifty Years of Relief Society: Key Documents in Latter-day Saint Womens History (Salt Lake City: Church Historians Press,2016).
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