Wiglaf was willing to die by Beowulf's side. for the most part, is dominated by a tone of despair at what the Wiglaf conforms perfectly to the heroic code in that he is willing Analyzes how wiglaf is a doomed man who inherits the kingdom and faces hostile world. Dont have an account? Study Guide for. Define alliteration: Repetition of a consonant sound at the beginning of a word 19. Meet the Geats, Danes, and Swedes of Beowulf B y the time that Beowulf was written down, Germanic tribes from Scandinavia and elsewhere in northern Europe had been invading Englands shores for centuries. Any potential Christological association also feminizes Wiglaf, as it is mulieres women who proceed to the tomb to tend to the body of Christ Luke But it also illustrates an unusual level of tender caregiving, and its reiteration shows that this nursing is an important part of Wiglaf's character; his loyalty to his lord includes not just the willingness to fight to the death but also to care for the body of the dying. NFTs Simplified > Uncategorized > what makes wiglaf a worthy successor to beowulf. This list shows the parts of the Beowulf poem under discussion. [B 22], Wiglaf's last appearance is at line 3120, where he chooses seven thanes to help him push the dragon's corpse over the cliff into the sea, loot the lair, and lay the treasure on Beowulf's funeral pyre. $24.99 Contact us It is all that remains after death. Well, it looks like Beowulf's successor is pretty much set up. It proves that he is a true hero, willing to sacrifice all he has for the benefit of others. Lines 1925-2210. journey begins in the medias res. He will do anything for a friend just as Beowulf would do anything for his tribe . It flew out of his lair to come and get his revenge, and Beowulf vowed to kill him. 12. View Beowulf Resourse 5.docx from ENG 4322 at Navarro College. Old guardian of the people, I shall still seek battle, perform a deed of fame, if the evil-doer will come to me out of the earth-hall." It is only Wiglaf who decides to go and help his lord and master. Wisdom is one of the traits of hero, but what is wisdom. In what way does Wiglaf resemble the younger Beowulf? Wiglaf gathers some of the treasure and returns to Beowulf, who thanks God that he could win such treasures for his people before he dies. Renews March 11, 2023 Even though loyalty is such an important part of the heroic culture at the time, most of Beowulfs chosen soldiers run away in fear. This is the honor code that exists between the king, or feudal lord, and his warriors, sometimes called "thanes" or "retainers." Discount, Discount Code . Ask and answer questions. Even though Wiglafs skill as a warrior is shown to be new and fresh, his heart is brave, just like Beowulf. Sometimes it can end up there. This emotionally charged caregiving metaphorically wounds Wiglaf in a way that the dragon could not. How does the author use Hrothgar's character to help define Beowulf's character? Asked by samantha s #597102. Wiglaf, by now a virtuous if inexperienced young warrior, was equally determined to accompany him and prove a worthy heir, ignoring the older thanes who doubted his reliability. With their hall in bunting, the "Lay of Finnsburh" is sung, a tribal . PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. What boast or promise does Beowulf make to Wealhtheow, the Queen? he knows that the cowardice of the geats will lead to their downfall. Both of them are heroes in their own. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Take a look at the main points about Wiglaf in Beowulf covered in the article above. What makes him a worthy successor to Beowulf? ".. Despite his youth, Wiglaf shows his loyalty, strength, and bravery by coming to assist Beowulf in Beowulfs final battle. This question has been asked a lot of times because of his fierce personality in the epic poem since Grendel was the main villain in the Beowulf folklore. [4] But, he writes, the poet "makes it clear that as a Geat Beowulf had to take vengeance on Onela and that as a Waegmunding he was entitled to Onela's favour". The poem calls them a pair, saying, That pair of kinsmen, partners in nobility, Had destroyed the foe. Wiglaf comes to Beowulfs side and hears the final words of his king. Underline each collective noun in the following sentences: When Jared hit the beehive with a stick, a swarm of angry bees flew out. At this moment, the two kinsmen experience the intensity and physical intimacy of this decidedly martial and heroic space. Wiglaf is the only one willing to risk his life to help his ruler. Beowulf, throughout the poem, shows constant bravery, courage, and generosity, and so does his new successor, Wiglaf. Wiglaf went back to help Beowulf slay the dragon , while the others were cowering in fear . Wexstan: Father of Wiglaf and somehow related to Beowulf. The Heyne-Socin text and glossary have been closely followed. [B 3] He is called a "praise-worthy shield-warrior", a "prince of the Scylfings", and mg lfheres, "kinsman of lfhere. Advertisement Still have questions? The author executes this portrayal on account of allowing Hrothgar to seem hesitant to kill Grendel, while Beowulf had full confidence through God. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. He has the same grit and tenacity as Beowulf. He attempts to shame them into action, but no one returns. dragon, Beowulf says, "In my youth I engaged in many wars. This poem is an early example of the phrase, "Bad guys never win.". What makes wiglaf a worthy successor to beowulf. He'll slay Grendel or die trying. In this battle, Beowulf has come up against a fiery dragon who has come for revenge against Beowulfs people. Its as if the transformation of power happened at that particular moment when the dragon died, and Beowulf lies, almost dead. Not only his strength but his faith in God guided him through his battles. Required fields are marked *. Wiglaf resembles Beowulf based upon his courage to defeat the dragon despite the possibility of dying. "Hrothgar left that hallbrought Beowulf as a guard against Grendel," section 10, line 662-667. Join the dicussion. The latest generation of titles in this series also features glossaries and visual elements that complement the classic, familiar format. Learn how your comment data is processed. What makes him a worthy successor to Beowulf? Beowulf asks Wiglaf to be the next king because he has. All heros make mistakes and Beowulf did not listen to the advice of the elders and ended up losing the swimming match. This poem is an early example of the phrase, "Bad guys never win.". He will do anything for his friend, Beowulf and that's what makes him a worthy successor to Beowulf. Although Hrothgar is a kind king, it is evident that the author uses him as an example to make Beowulf appear stronger and more courageous. Read ahead to find out all about Grendel, his looks, Read More What Does Grendel Look Like? You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. A. Wiglaf was willing to die by Beowulf's side. Man Found Dead In Portsmouth, always win. Ask and answer questions about the novel or view Study Guides, Literature Essays and more. In the course of the dragon fight and its aftermath, he has grown from a young to a mature man. Wiglaf is also similar to the character of Horatio in Hamlet a minor character who is a friend of the hero and who survives to tell the tale to others after everyone else has died. [B 20] He sends a messenger to tell the other Geats what has happened. June 12, 2022 . Wiglaf has a counterpart in Scandinavian sources named Hjalti who serves as a side-kick to Beowulf's counterpart Bdvar Bjarki, and in Bjarkaml, Hjalti makes speeches comparable to those made by Wiglaf in Beowulf. Wiglaf has a few qualities of the young Beowulf from the previous part of the story. His decision to join the battle to save his king may show him as the most loyal character in the entire poem, a noble title, indeed. The son of Weohstan the Scylfing, and a relative of Beowulf, as well as his most loyal warrior. It is about three thousand lines long and the story revolves around three battles. Subscribe now. The bond between Beowulf and Wiglaf is apparent as the king speaks to the young man and Wiglaf tries to comfort him. Beowulf took Hrunting, Unferth's sword into battle. This is the first time Wiglaf has gone to war at Beowulf's side. for a customized plan. Previous Next. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. Not affiliated with Harvard College. In what way does Wiglaf resemble the younger Beowulf? from the early scenes of the poem that it is always better to act He is also a natural leader. The poem says that it is Wiglafs first battle, and his first time to be tested against such a powerful foe. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. There was a sense of grim foreboding amongst everyone present as they watched their king prepare himself for what was widely expected to be his last battle. Lausd Highly Gifted Magnet Schools List, dragon, Beowulf says, "In my youth I engaged in many wars. How does Beowulf become king of the Geats? Wiglaf helps Beowulf through every task. What is the mood at Herot at the beginning of Part 19? Grendel's mother seeks revenge in section 19, line 1276-1278. Wiglaf, one of Beowulf's kinsmen and thanes, is the only warrior brave enough to help the hero in his fight against the dragon. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. He accommodates perfectly to be a worthy successor and that he is willing to die in trying to kill the beast and to save his lord. No Bellwork-Take 5-10 mins to review. Free trial is available to new customers only. In his. Wilson Ford on January 18, 2016 at 12:10 pm said: Beowulf's men certainly do wrong when they flee the battle as they realize their lord cannot win. [2], Wiglaf first appears in Beowulf at line 2602, as a member of the band of thanes who go with Beowulf to seek out the dragon that has attacked Geat-Land. A messenger announces Beowulf's death to the waiting crowd and predicts renewed bloodshed when the Swedes learn of Beowulf's death. A hero who . THE GLENCOE LITERATURE LIBRARY. 0 Comments; Uncategorized matt chmura leader bank . Wiglaf represents courage and loyalty in the face of unbelievable odds. Do Animals Have Rights? Wulfgar: A herald of Hrothgar. After the dragon fight, in contrast, the Geats do what he tells them. The dragon makes a second attack, but Wiglaf dashes in to the shelter of Beowulf's shield. Their military, biological, and emotional closeness is reinforced in the unifying bodily diction of the image, even though at this point in the narrative Beowulf is dead. Since his past successes, Beowulf wanted to fight the monster on his own. To Kill a Hero Beowulf was a brave hero to the Anglo-Saxon people - his triumphs over demons and monsters made him legendary to all of the tribes. Beowulf, the wonderful--yet very tragic--epic poem expresses the true importance of heroes and outcasts within any given myth. Past His Prime. He then feels moved to encourage Beowulf, an action that could be seen as surprising from a youth facing his first fight to a heroic King, and at last to join the fight against the dragon. Read an in-depth analysis of Wiglaf. The story of Beowulf, the fearless warrior, is a fine example of what a great leader is made up of. always win. What makes him a worthy. Bucks County School District Calendar, Chapter 6. Beowulf is a very skilled warrior, who reaches out to the Danes offering them his help them with a monster. Beowulf strikes with his own sword, Naegling, but it shatters. Analysis. He helps Beowulf to see the beautiful treasure which lived in the dragons hoard. Sacrifice can benefit the greater good. Just before Beowulf died he took off his golden collar and gave it to Wiglaf, calling him "the last of the Waegmundings," the last member of his clan. The other warriors fear and respect him. 11. Its treasure is 2. Who does Beowulf blame for the dragon's attack? Hope it helps. Contact Crypterio Theme support team if you need help or have questions. What does Beowulf plan to use in his fight with the dragon? He fought . Study Guide for. How does Beowulf become king of the Geats? Other phrases similarly emphasize this bond between the young and old kinsmen. Explain how his ascension to the throne. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. What incident leads the dragon on the path to vengeance? The other warriors fear and respect him. We're going to let that sentence sink in while you marvel at how much cooler names were way back when. Because Wiglaf is brave, and heartstrong. Ready for a unique experience? No explanation related to lineage is . He fought . He has the same grit and tenacity as Beowulf. Discover their experiences of living a life with the great king. Beowulf. reinforces the character traits he displays earlier in the poem. We have gathered highly curated data on the physical features of Grendel. Bellwork #13:SW SSR+ for 15-20 mins and apply it to a prompt.SW work on their Beowulf projects and turn them in by the end of the hour. Siegmund: Vel's son, and father and uncle to Fitla. This is the honor code that exists between the king, or feudal lord, and his warriors, sometimes called "thanes" or "retainers." Beowulf himself, however, seems not to see Wiglaf as a fully worthy successor. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. What Does Grendel Look Like? The story of Beowulf, the fearless warrior, is a fine example of what a great leader is made up of. He spoke of him dying. Wiglaf and Beowulf could be seen as copies of one another, and since Beowulf had no male heir, Wiglaf was the one to inherit the role. What makes him a worthy successor to Beowulf? Hygd is contrasted with Queen Modthryth. The dragon had a hoard of treasures, and one day, a slave came upon the hoard and took something. The dragon rears up and shows his power, as Beowulf is at the end of his life, and Wiglaf rushes into battle on his own. Although originally untitled, the poem was later named after the Scandinavian hero Beowulf, whose exploits and . He may or may not be able to fully fill Beowulf's . He is not just respected by Beowulf but also by the author of the poem. [B 21] When the Geats have gathered, Wiglaf addresses them, mourning Beowulf's death and expressing dismay at the bleak future of the Geats without Beowulf to guard them. humans came to the Americas? [8], In the 1981 animated film Grendel Grendel Grendel, Wiglaf (voiced by Ernie Bourne[9]) is portrayed as one of Hrothgar's thanes rather than an ally of Beowulf, and is killed by Grendel. He has the same grit and tenacity as Beowulf. C. Unaided by most of the warriors, Beowulf is killed as he and Wiglaf fight the dragon. However, when the battle started getting dangerous, his men ran away, and that hand-picked troop Broke ranks and ran for their lives To the safety of the wood.. Try to support your opinion with facts and examples. Just before Beowulf died he took off his golden collar and gave it to Wiglaf, calling him "the last of the Waegmundings," the last member of his clan. Wiglaf is one of Beowulfs kinsmen or thanes in the poem. Who gave him the sword? Like Like The Danes go through many years of worry, danger, and death at the arms of Grendel. The men run away, leaving only Beowulf and his young companion Wiglaf to slay the dragon. Wiglaf is brave and heartstrong. At the same time, however, Wiglaf's ascendant heroism takes a decidedly non-masculine turn when he becomes the chief nurse and mourner for the dying Beowulf. In the sixth century, the warrior Beowulf must do battle with the monster Grendel as well as Grendel's mother and a dragon who has a personal connection to the Scandanavian warrior. When all of Beowulf's men abandon him, he stays earnestly with his king. Aside from marrying Roxana, Alexander married two other women from Persia: Barsine and Parysatis. Last updated by Aslan 5 years ago 10/19/2017 12:54 PM. Beowulf bids goodbye to Hrothgar, again pledging his support, and invites Hethric, one of Hrothgar's sons, to visit the Geat court. Study Guide. A wise person has a complete understanding of the situation and makes. Throughout the poem, Wiglaf expresses no loyalty to the Geats, who after Beowulf's death will endure the terrors prophesied by an anonymous woman at Beowulf's pyre:. Beowulf sits near the wall of the cave as Wiglaf washes his wound. What makes him a worthy successor to Beowulf? Then Grendel's mother comes to the hall to seek revenge. Beowulf, heroic poem, the highest achievement of Old English literature and the earliest European vernacular epic. He fights Grendel, and he defeats him by pulling off his arm, earning honor and rewards. air force epr rating scale brian steele bristol bateman skips def jam fight for ny blazin' moves list velocette factory records. junio 12, 2022. cottage for sale in timmins on . Wiglaf adheres to the heroic code better than Beowulf's other retainers, thereby proving himself a suitable successor to Beowulf. 2) Higlac's queen, Higd, in section 31, line 2173. How does Beowulf become king of the Geats? Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Wiglaf is the young warrior and Beowulf is an aged king. He tells Wiglaf to look after the Geats when he is gone. Part of Beowulfs speech is, Then the king in his great-heartedness unclasped, The collar of gold from his neck and gave it. Circle words that are incorrectly capitalized or lowercased. The treasures being buried with Beowulf allows the reader to know that to his people he was a prized possession and he deserves all the wealth. What two This diction shows that Wiglaf has fully matured as he has been tested in battle. The Epic Cycle Of Beowulf And The Hero Myth Cycle. He also has to fight Grendels mother who comes for vengeance for her sons death. The people gather to view Beowulf's . Lines 1251-1491. March 4, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Explain how his ascension to the throne reinforces the character traits he displays earlier in the poem. The idea of fate is often discussed and the role the gods may have played in Oedipus personal horror story. Wiglaf resembles Beowulf based upon his courage to defeat the dragon despite the possibility of dying. They were the brothers of the Oceanids and the father of the naiads: Potamoi daughter. Timothy Glen Jones, He is called a "praise-worthy shield-warrior", a "prince of the Scylfings", and mg lfheres, "kinsman of lfhere.". In fact, he's a sort of a reverse-Judas figure. Neither of these actions will stop Beowulf from dying, but they may make him more comfortable in the process; washing and un dressing, of course, are services that women have traditionally tended to perform for children or for incapacitated people or for the dead, in fact. Events. Surrounded by a crowd of helpful warriors, Beowulf is the last to fall. If Wiglaf was to take Beowulfs place after his death, it makes sense that they would battle Beowulfs final monster together. Copyright 2022 All Rights Reserved NFTCollectionLab.com, what makes wiglaf a worthy successor to beowulf, where to report foreign pension income on 1040, wilton 1995 mickey mouse cake pan instructions, what channel is the lightning game on tonight spectrum. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. CliffsNotes on Beowulf takes you into the epic story of warriors and strange beasts. (one code per order). He was talking about what he would give away after he died; loyalty to men and king; loyalty as a leader and a . The principal human characters in Beowulf hail from three Scandinavian tribes: the Geats, the Danes . His bravery and solid bearing provide Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Wiglaf, the young warrior who helps Beowulf kill the dragon at the end of the poem, offers a new definition of heroic masculinity for a post-Beowulf (not post-Beowulf!) What do you think should be done when people mistreat animals? Wiglaf simply wanted to help save his king, as Beowulf did his people. . top social media sites in bangladesh Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. [B 12] His hand is badly burned,[B 13] but his attack allows Beowulf to close and kill the dragon. 5) Shild's son, referring to Beo, in section one, line 53 & 54. Wiglaf is the young warrior who sticks by Beowulf's side while he fights with the dragon. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. When the critical focus turns to Wiglaf, moving Beowulf and the other Geats into . 12 thoughts on " 1/19 Question ". the single glint of optimism in the final part of the story, which, Beowulf, the hero of the poem, exhibits great bravery in everything he does. King Beowulf grooms no successor, and the Geats probably think that he will live forever anyway. And this gear comes from his own dad, which makes its appeal something of a double whammy, I would . Answers: 1. Find out all about Beowulf and Wiglaf in this article. Parents Home Homeschool College Resources. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Beowulf came and was ready to fight but Grendel's mother fled. These acts contribute to the lore of him becoming a hero. February 11, 2021 by Essay Writer. What makes him a worthy successor to Beowulf? to save his lord. The swords failure in battle depicts that Unferth may not be strong. The dragon kills him as Beowulf goes out unarmed to fight the monster. Wiglaf, by now a virtuous if inexperienced young warrior, was equally determined to accompany him and prove a worthy heir, ignoring the older thanes who doubted his reliability. Beowulf succeeds and defeats Grendel. Wiglaf Character Analysis. Wiglaf is brave and heartstrong. It is better for us all/ To avenge our friends, not mourn them foreverlet us go, as quickly as we can, / And have a look at this lady monster. Many years earlier, Hrothgar paid money to the Wulfings to resolve a blood feud they had with Ecgtheow, Beowulf's father. A Short Take of The, Read More Hospitality in The Odyssey: Xenia in Greek CultureContinue, The Potamoi were the 3000 sons of Oceanus and Tethys, both of which are Titans born to Uranus and Gaia. Although Wiglaf is not his offspring, Beowulf thinks of him as a son when the dying king, unable to stand, briefly reflects on his life and passes control of Geatland on to the brave young retainer. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. How Does Turbotax Take Out Fees, to die attempting to defeat the opponent and, more importantly, He accommodates perfectly to be a worthy successor and that he is willing to die in trying to kill the beast and to save his lord. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. View Beowulf Resourse 5.docx from ENG 4322 at Navarro College. Join the discussion about Beowulf. What makes him a worthy successor to Beowulf? Before dying, the leader names Wiglaf as his successor. 3)Unferth, who had criticized Beowulf, lends his weapon to Beowulf, When Beowulf arrives back home to Geat-land, Higlac reveals he was, fearful Beowulf would not return unharmed, Beowulf reveals Hrothgar's daughter Freaw will be given in marriage to Ingeld because, Hrothgar is hoping that his quarrel with the Hathobards can be settled offering his daughter in marriage, Beowulf reveals to Higlac further details about Grendel not previously described in the text, including that Grendel, had a huge pouch sewn form a dragon's skin with which to hold victims, his father's (Beowulf's grandfather's) sword, a thief steals a cup from its hoard of treasure. He brought his men with him and set them to wait on the edge of the valley. leader or warrior. Eventually, however, a younger Geatish warrior named Beowulf hears of Hrothgar's plight. In what way does Wiglaf resemble the younger Beowulf? He'll bring her Grendel's decapitated head. (John User:Jwy talk) 18:35, 18 November 2007 (UTC) Well, there were two king Beowulf in the poem. Finally Beowulf goes back to Geatland where he gets killed by a dragon. All of these close readings point to a role for Wiglaf as the ascendant young hero, ready to take over as the old hero dies and enters the realm of posthumous fame and glory. 1) Wexstan's son, referring to Wiglaf in section 36, line 2752. Nobody else really stepped up to the plate like Wiglaf so I nominate him to star in Beowulf 2 the sequel. Wiglaf was willing to die by Beowulf's side. Previous section Lines 1-300 Quick Quiz Next section Lines 710-1007 Quick Quiz. Beowulf and Wiglaf parallel each other in the fact that they are both adopted or accepted as a son by a lord. Because of his loyalty, bravery, and strength, he shows Beowulf and the readers that he is the perfect choice to take over the kingdom of Geatland. The other warriors fear and respect him. In Beowulf, it can be said that the characters of Beowulf and Wiglaf share parallels that serve to show Wiglaf as becoming the next king, and not only the successor of the throne, but a sign of hope for the doomed society of the Geats. Wiglaf was the only one of the thanes who continued to be loyal to Beowulf. Wiglaf's actions and gestures similarly emphasize this bond, as Wiglaf acts as assistant, colleague, and finally nurse and mourner as the episode comes to a close. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Answer 0 angelicajoybautista Wiglaf is very much like the young Beowulf because they are both loyal and courageous. Although Beowulf desired for the treasures to be given to his people, the people buried them with him, as illustrated in section 43, lines 3160-3165. In the battle against the dragon, he proves to be the only Geatish warrior with courage even moderately equivalent to Beowulf's. In a way, his valor only serves to underscore just how weak in general and dependent on . What is usually done with treasures taken from a defeated enemy? D. After killing the dragon, Beowulf and his followers fight over the treasure, and Beowulf is killed. February 11, 2021 by Essay Writer. Wiglaf fiercely swears that he would rather die than return home without having protected his leader. what makes wiglaf a worthy successor to beowulf. Join our Discord server and discuss Literature & Mythology. How does Beowulf become king of the Geats? In section 21, lines 1834-1896 Beowulf's speech allows the reader to understand how important his people are to him. on 50-99 accounts. Wiglaf in Beowulf is one of the most important characters, but he doesnt show up until the end of the poem. 3. Who is this Geat woman with her "hair bound up", who "sang out in grief" at In the sixth century, the warrior Beowulf must do battle with the monster Grendel as well as Grendel's mother and a dragon who has a personal connection to the Scandanavian warrior. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Characteristics of the epic hero. Are we eating Easter dinner at grandpa Olson's house or at grandpa Hulen's house? (Hygelac . [4], Richard North revisits the old hypothesis that the Beowulf Wiglaf, and indeed the whole poem, was commissioned by the historical King Wiglaf of Mercia as a memorial to King Beornwulf, at the same time presenting himself as successor; he had been an ealdorman, not the King's son, so the succession could have been in doubt. union square hospitality group gift card; clubhouse baseball baseball; forest service lease cabin for sale utah. However, Beowulf does not immediately give the items to Wiglaf. The poet does not permit the audience a glimpse into his future; that future does not lie within the bounds of the poem's narrative and geography. He is a fearless, loyal, and strong warrior. Beowulf A translation by Burton Raffel. He embodies Beowulfs statement The implication here is that, even though cowardice and betrayal are immoral, in the world of Beowulf they are far more common than true courage, loyalty, and indifference to death and suffering.
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