How did whites regain political control in the south? More punitive actions against the South, Lincoln felt, would only make it harder to heal the divided nation. Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Smithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era, America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War, Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation, Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis, Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869, The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. What was the purpose of the Black Codes which were enacted in Southern states in 1865 and 1866? Connected to this question were larger discussions about the rights of four million newly-freed African Americans, the extent to which former Confederates should be punished for their role in the war, the fulfillment of "Manifest Destiny" through westward expansion and settlement of Indian Country, and the meanings of freedom and justice in the United States. What was the purpose of the Freedmens Bureau? Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends, Next his early supporters were farmers in east Tennessee who didn't own slaves. These conditions made it quite difficult for the Republican Party to get much of a foothold in the South among any except black voters and those who had relocated from the North. they wre industrialists and bankers. >YpVE$r#]Y@ -7}bKfl[83 they became caught up in debt. WebReconstruction was a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States, but most historians consider it a failure. Congress established a joint committee to review Reconstruction policy and set further conditions for readmitting states. The reconstruction period had its successes and failures. Gp}1:qr +sWg" ^8u1k^l2GPt%,}cAZwf? hbbd``b`"|c4`@@Hd100Kg0` Historically, scholars have defined Reconstruction as having lasted from 1865 (the end of the American Civil War) until 1877, when a political compromise between the Republican and Democrat parties allowed for Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become President of the United States on the condition that the last remaining federal troops in the South be removed. There was no profit for workers. Think. Ex. Segregation laws were legal in former Confederate states only. Finally, each state legislature had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. !~TrFH(n$J*sEsoWg >tNs=agsdZqRikzY9;.k`A5T-*kd>[MQ`&;Q3=z,:\P:GeeeE? HUj@}WDn! At the end of this lesson, each student should demonstrate his or her proficiency by doing one of the following: 1. The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. By clarifying and expanding the definition of what constituted a United States citizen, the Fourteenth Amendment brought emancipated African Americans into American society and allowed them to take advantage of much-needed legal protections. Gave blacks curfews and did not allow them to carry guns. WebReconstruction Question 6 900 seconds Q. Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. In this sense Reconstruction failed not because of President Grant or even because of southern opposition to civil rights, but because an entire nation--North, South, and West--lost the political and moral will to support the cause of equality before the law. Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. The great political battles of the era were full of interesting reflections and assertions about the nature and purpose of America and American government. Yes, two from Mississippi. Compute the acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds -30. Grant won the 1868 presidential election by a landslide in the Electoral College, but only won the popular vote by 300,000 ballots. many became sharecroppers. And Black Americans continued to face acts of organized intimidation, mob violence, and murder because of their race. a person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction. The impeachment of Johnson. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Congress enacted its Reconstruction program over Johnson's veto. What was the immediate cause of Johnson's impeachment? Connect to Life Which speaker's view of love appeals more to you? Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain, February 17, 1868 during the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Excerpt from Senator Carl Schurz of Missouri, Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain. #;ou20/. General Grant National Memorial, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park, Ulysses S Grant National Historic Site, Download the official NPS app before your next visit, Reconstruction Era National Historic Park, reconstruction era national historical park, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park. Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. the redeemers. Yes, a few. Force Acts, KKK Act, gave president authority to call in federal troops if needed, but it happened only once. WebDuring Reconstruction, three new amendments to the Constitution redefined freedom, citizenship, and democracy in the United States. Equally important, the concept of "civil rights" was established during this period. African American males would not have the right to vote until the Fourteenth Amendment was passed. The carpetbaggers, so named because of how they travelled light with inexpensive luggage made of fabric, were largely a benign group of Northern Republicans seeking a fresh start in the South (despite Southern Democrats fears to the contrary). The Command of the Army Act prevented the president from issuing orders to the military except through the general of the army, who at the time was Ulysses S. Grant; additionally, the commanding general could not be removed without the Senate's consent. Finally, History Matters offers helpful pages on "Making Sense of Maps.". Workers would be given a modest home, supplies, and a small portion of land to farm for personal use in exchange for also farming the landowners land. The House and Senate refused to seat southern delegates. Women's groups withdrew support to work on woman's suffrage. Worked a piece of land for a fixed share of the crop. The objective is to show the students how the combination of facts, opinions, statistics, and pictures can broaden their understanding of a subject. the amendment stating that all people born in the US have the same rights and are all born equal under the law. He pushed for the establishment of the Department of Justice in 1870, which was tasked with investigating acts of violence against African Americans. Established in March 1865, the Bureau had provided blacks in the South with material assistance, schools, and guidance in settling on abandoned land. While this lesson will not provide answers for all of these questions, the hope is that it will point students in the direction of seeking out such answers with the documents and the interactive provided and formulating their own similar kinds of questions. Who did it benefit? Expert Help. Segregation was ruled unconstitutional and all Jim Crow laws had to be immediately repealed. List the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. How did white Southerners view the Freedmen's Bureau? The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. Laws passed by the South during Presidential Reconstruction that regulated the lives of freed slaves. The 10 year period after the Civil War is. gave blacks equal access to public accommodations Did it accomplish anything? Students will be organized into five small groups, each of which will be assigned a document and a set of worksheet questions. Granted citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law. Question 4 C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI TQSCQIf@*$ WebOne of the main goals of Military Reconstruction was to ensure that voting rights were granted to African American men. %%EOF Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. WebThe Emancipation Proclamation had freed only those enslaved in rebellious states, leaving many enslaved peoplemost notably, those in the border statesin bondage; furthermore, it did not alter or prohibit the institution of slavery in general. 2. What wasthe primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? pF{:RTV Turn in their completed worksheets from Activities 1 and 2 for a grade. was a name for southern whites who supported Reconstruction in the South, often Republican. It was approved by both houses in June 1866. Who was the Republican leader in the House? Who were the group of people known as carpetbaggers who emerged in the Reconstruction-era South? first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. Which plan was the hardest on the South? They passed two bills. CAm? Radical plan wanted to punish the south, while Lincoln and Johnson wanted to reunite the union as quickly as possible. This meant that the huge majorities Republicans then enjoyed were, so to speak, operating on borrowed time. Lincoln realized that, with the war over, anything that prolonged the divide between North and South would be harmful to the nation overall. What limited African American freedom during Reconstruction? It declared that all people born in the United States are entitled to be citizens without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery. Johnson deliberately removed himself from the decisions involving Reconstruction. Weighted against growth in the North, the South fared poorer by all economic gauges. With the assistance of original historical documents, students will consider the ways different perceptions from leading political figures about the outcomes of Reconstruction affected the political debate and the political future of the nation. Fear of black rule. Ryan read an exegesis of the cryptic poem because .. What is meant by the term Reconstruction? `cw]}{(ugeFo, +mKk.]{g~S^NWs0znS`~Zm%,Kw~vBY5_oLx|? This amendment prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (slavery). ISAISIP TAYAHIN Aling isyu na may kinalaman sa paggalang sa buhay ng tao ang tumutukoy A. Ipakita ang iyong pagkaunawa sa ma konseptong tinatalakay sa pamamagitan paglalaglag sa sanggol mula sa. Resources that rely on Adobe Flash Player are no longer supported. In this %PDF-1.5 % The Tenure of Office Act required the president to obtain approval from the Senate to remove any officeholder that the Senate had confirmed. If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. Compose a two-page essay explaining the ways in which the effects of Reconstruction may continue to affect our politics today. What was the "Swing 'Round the Circle"? "Z~(Y9I,$iA4rHR2y"xBCDx!uF$P=C|# It was left to the Senate to try the presidentwith Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presidingand determine whether he should be removed from office. Though Republicans made quick and huge political gains in the South as newly enfranchised black voters rushed to their support, it was clear that the party and its ideals of peace through racial and sectional harmony on Republican terms remained unpopular with large segments of the populationparticularly with those who were disenfranchised because they could not take the oath or otherwise prove their loyalty to the Union. What happened to black 3) The South could not repay loans from countries that helped them. Use the links above to research more about each aspect of Reconstruction, List the name of your character on the worksheet. The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. While there were some improvements in African American life in the post-war South, many whites were reluctant to abandon their racist attitudes and biased practices. They were seen as Yankees that were trying to take over the southern states' governments. The end of the war brought with it much devastation and, of course, those who knew how to turn devastation into opportunity. Jabir ibn Hayyan replaced the.. of a misinformed philosophy with the rigors of objective experimentation. Congress was divided among Radical, Moderate, and Conservative Republicans and Democrats. Question 3 How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? The states were put under the control of military commanders until they ratified the Fourteenth Amendment and rebuilt their state governments. Then, for each characteristic of, Reconstruction listed on the chart, check off whether your character would feel positive. Established the concepts of birthright citizenship (anyone born within U.S. boundaries or territories subject to the jurisdiction of U.S. law was automatically a U.S. citizen, excluding Indians) and equal protection of the law. To assist Confederate prisoners in returning home safely. Upon completing this lesson, students will begin to see the ways in which a political and constitutional crisis emboldened some lasting divisions within American society and, perhaps what is more important, the ways in which the crisis forged a new path for a stronger and more perfect Union. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in The speeches backfired. [6O;},DLJ ^;4Orqb.:)O.FXl-%}ZXMHlxixt0CM@)Ymr3xQwv_D&?Qe2}=4#r"A: %QHW)/7+ "IG The Civil Rights Act of 1866 guaranteed African Americans in There were many reasons for the unpopularity of Congressional Reconstruction in the South. In this activity, students will be asked to imagine that they are research assistants gathering evidence for a prominent historian (the teacher) during the years following Reconstruction. endstream endobj startxref The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation. %%EOF endstream endobj 119 0 obj <>stream It gave women the right to vote in the United States. Same as Lincoln's but military officials and persons with property worth more than $20,000 had to apply directly to the President for a pardon. What were Black Codes, and why were they created? Which of the following is true of the Civil Rights Act of 1866? The war devastated the Southern economy and population, leaving a lot of hard feelings towards the victorious North. These research assistants will evaluate a series of documents (which in this activity will substitute for live interviews) representing a variety of views concerning the direction of Reconstruction policy regarding voting rights and the impact these views had or should have had on the politics of the nation. a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. More recent interpretations, however, offer a broader timeline for Reconstruction. Southern Democrats who packed their bags and fled to the West and North to escape the progressive aims of Radical Reconstruction. The Democratic Party was disbanded and replaced with a new, more liberal version of the Republican Party. Why was the election of 1876 called the Disputed Election? What was the purpose of the military Reconstruction Act quizlet? The Military Reconstruction Act stated that remaining Confederate states that had not been reconstructed would be divided into five military districts and put under martial law. State governments set up under Johnsons Reconstruction plan were deemed illegal and new governments were to be formed. The teacher may also wish to begin thinking about how the class is to be divided into small groups (3-5 is suggestedbut the teacher should judge the correct size based on the size of the class) as several of the activities in this lesson involve small group work. It prohibited state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of slavery. Determined to prevent Johnson from interfering with their plan, Radical Republicans pushed through two pieces of legislation in March 1867 intended to severely limit presidential power. Eph/LWNMK $r3R6W>44w9(Hct:@LN@@4H9O$T,\LuqDk9HMZ] 7l7{7eCUbMWmh"!baox]51Q"EF kRm'C*_@Q$VF*`C{:7v I"q{n]w)cqJ}q*6]d&5PhdSh3_|`k^Mq!U\:fqo,SI0L6-;jTS(WOC6"ZCx+5bo42+Pp;3:=BbXm)]IF The end of the Civil War found the nation without a settled Reconstruction policy. The historians aim is to write the first comprehensive history of the period. It contributed to a chastening of Republican ambitions in the South and forced the party to concentrate on maintaining its base of support in the North rather than growing the party in Dixie. The process of rebuilding the South after the Civil War. Upon taking office, Grant hoped to build upon the previously established framework by championing the 15th Amendment to enhance, protect, and guarantee black male voting rights nationwide. Po^dl=X7K1*,@~]^[ #Uh"d The Civil Rights Act of 1866 defined citizenship and affirmed that all citizens are equally protected by the law. endstream endobj 115 0 obj <>stream Lincoln vetoed this bill, setting the stage for a compromise on the issue of Reconstruction. Who was the Republican candidate in the election of 1868? The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. This meant that Southern governments frequently were in the hands of novices: for example, inexperienced (and sometimes illiterate) freedmen andworse yet, from the point of view of many Southern loyalistsNortherners who had moved in the wake of war to assist in the recovery effort. answer choices Reconstruction Freedman's Bureau Black Codes Jim Crow Laws Question 7 900 seconds Q. Grandfather clauses gave citizens the right to vote if their grandfathers had been able to vote in elections prior to Reconstruction. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. No. The Freedmans Bureau played a key role in helping African Americans gain access to basic needs, education, property, and health care during Reconstruction. (113M Johnson denounced the Fourteenth Amendment and urged the southern states not to ratify it. It helped maintain schools for black kids and insured fairness of labor contracting. It also made it difficult to enforce Republican plans for Reconstruction or the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. Republicans were in control of both the House and Senate, and they gave a ringing endorsement to the amendment and congressional, not presidential, Reconstruction. But in the end, events overpowered the best thinking on both sides of this divide and the impact of these great victories was left to be felt and interpreted by a new generation of Americans. Several states refused to either repudiate the huge debt produced by the war or unconditionally accept the Thirteenth Amendment. President Ulysses S. Grant presided over the waning days of Reconstruction. wealthy plantation owners and Confederate officials. CONTEXT: In the imaginary land of Wakanda, established landowners keep their power by maintaining private armies. Would he or she benefit from certain parts of it? He told the southern states to reject it. RZhC a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. What tactics were used? Who did the states and congress give free land to? Most people in the Union supported the Confederacy's He believed the South should not be welcomed back into the Union, He believed the Southern states should have to recognize equal rights for African Americans before being welcomed back into the Union, He insisted that a majority of Southern citizens take an oath of loyalty before the South could be welcomed back into the Union. (.EVDY(*BAwz{}}$awd$J7 IBFQ` Prior to his election Congress had already passed, among other legislative acts: Guaranteed protection for all U.S. citizens, regardless of color, to "to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind." 75RockiCr ? Presented to the Capitalists and People of the Central and Northern States, by Bannister, Cowan & Company, Group E: Excerpt from Albert T. Morgan, Yazoo, Or, On the Picket Line of Freedom, 1881. How did Amendments 13, 14, & 15 help African Americans? The teacher will also want to discuss the vernacular and odd spellings that occasionally come through in diary entries and interviews with ordinary citizens and ex-slaves. The thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendment were created during the twelve years of rebuilding the country. WebWhat is Reconstruction? WebReconstruction refers to the period 1) the period before the Civil War 2) the period after the Civil War 3) the era of civil rights movement 4) the era after the Revolutionary War 2. the Think about the italicized questions Powerful families regularly disagree on who should gain control over which resources. Return to slavery in a different way. Why of why not? hb```b``Vd`f``fc@ >3G#C \5lb`(q.UrA) g``0PZTQH1;kz7/2FI1iMF>C20Jin83lFy6W iB5; ~~C9;9owSQ?C ` N- and any corresponding bookmarks? &!O3bsJ!WK^86QP91IDY LcB=G[s^P`~`AB)Pd~yfOqbS(ox2GWb{quG9sX }Lg U[* For each group, briefly describe (in one paragraph) the primary motivations and objectives that moved them to action. `a{/uXZO`qf\ v-Nf. that they had to keep the black vote in the south and protect black voting rights in order to win future elections. 0 bJLA/RO\Hh2cN]J8JUApfGuYB^(YDLsNil/y!0>3LW{0 nPt2==eD>>H5o Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. However, what gains were made in the realm of civil rights were under assault by the time Grant died and almost completely destroyed by the turn of the century. plan was the easiest on the South? Write a short essay on how social contexts surrounding a person can contribute to his or her upbringing, beliefs and overall quality of life. hWO0Gx`*Bi1 `ZS"%;;NS5J;|@@hHx4&"A $ #p H}AxChDGOB(9S,vcs:JI]V]WywIO{{AS !^}8;]:yNc0v*4Xqa`p k5 z2 9&+cr'~ IOV~=GHB:'*kXa=9r^baYz/1ag7F:,Ww AF;{zVV5S-l/"NZ|'Ol,U#dmCUGe^eE?Ze\mLFMeSZ`E#`jcj~Qm|V$vN81t~~b2[_\$#'b*$]t# These groups will take on the role of special investigative committees reporting to a Congressional committee examining the effects of Reconstruction. Who was it supposed to help? It was drafted according to the Ten-Percent Plan It gave blacks the right to vote The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. A large number of immigrants and African Americans were given voting rights.
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