. No, you cannot. Perhaps you would care to explain why the FBI has NOT charged Osama Bin Ladin with 9/11 but with the African Embassy bombings. 1993. between Ni Torlak and Macedonian than between either of those two and Serbian Serbian is a macrolanguage made up to two languages: Shtokavian Serbian and Torlak or Gorlak Serbian. Macedonian and Bulgarian are fairly similar but they are not close to being fully mutually intelligible. [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-YqET96OO0&fs=1&hl=en_GB]. The languages really split about 1,000 years ago, but written Slovak was based on written Czech, and there was a lot of interlingual communication. My gues. Yes you can. However, Chakavian magazines are published even today (Jembrigh 2014). Salute from Czech republic. An academic paper has been published making the case for a separate Balachka language. The revelation comes from General Musharrafs memoir, In the Line of Fire, which begins serialisation in The Times today and will further embarrass the White House at a time when relations between the US and Pakistan are already strained.. Pakistani intelligence chiefs are concerned that General Musharraf may jeopardise their relationship with British intelligence agencies after claiming that a convicted terrorist was once an MI6 informer. Molise Croatian is a Croatian language spoken in a few towns in Italy, such as Acquaviva Collecroce and two other towns. Russian, Polish, Czech, and Ukrainian materials are available. Many Ukrainian-speakers consider the language . They give you strict % figures, and it is pretty amazing. Lets say a young Czech goes to Slovakia without prior exposure to Slovak. I am a native Macedonian and I totally dont agree with you. Additionally, Norwegian assimilated a considerable amount of Danish vocabulary as well as traditional Danish expressions. This difference is because Bulgarian is not spoken the same way it is written like Serbo-Croatian is. Nevertheless, writing continues in various Kajkavian dialects which still retain some connection to the old literary language, although some of the lexicon and grammar are going out (Jembrigh 2014). 2 Ukrainian Phrasebook And Dictionary Paperback 1-03-2023 Mutually Intelligible? But even they will know the literary norm of their own language which will ease up the communication. Cheers brothers and sisters! theres a macedonian TV program called Vo Centar, hosted by a macedoanian journalist who goes around the Balkans and interviews prominent names in politics etc. I put it to Google translator and I got this: It is an official language of the Bulgarian republic and one of 23 official languages of the European Union. It features phonemic vowel length that came about as a coalescence of a vowel with a following /v/ (usually one /v x j/ in Serbian, the distribution is opaque and unpredictable) or the contraction of the sequence /ij/ into /i:/ this feature is shared with plenty of Macedonian dialects, as far as I remember but has traditional, harder Serbian alveopalatals and palatals, having [t d t d] for Macedonian [t d c() ()] (treating these as allophones as they seem to be the same four phonemes). Pronunciation is quite different, but all patterns are easy to catch. [4], Some linguists use mutual intelligibility as a primary criterion for determining whether two speech varieties represent the same or different languages. Here are the estimates about inteligebility with other Slavic languages from a person thats fluent in Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian: I am a good control for this because I am an American but my father is Slovak(my mother is half Slovak but American) and I can understand about 50 % of Slovak and I do have a hard time with Czech but once I get past their hacek r I can understand quite a bit. Is there an agreed-upon standard? Needless to say, Polish is very familiar too, except its phonology, getting the gist of which is just a matter of some time. In the army, fairly precise understanding of the meaning of the commands is required and it worked, without any formal language training. They exist, but not in such a degree to render them unintelligible. However, she is from Skopje, close to the Serbian border and which have had much more influence from Serbian. & relat.)) It has been massively updated with a lot of new research from controlled scientific intelligibility studies. Hello everyone, Lach is a Czech-Polish transitional lect with a close relationship with Cieszyn Silesian. So I tried with my native Slovenian language and I was surprised how well Bulgars understand Slovenian language. Ability of speakers of two language varieties to understand the other, As a criterion for identifying separate languages, List of languages sometimes considered varieties, List of dialects or varieties sometimes considered separate languages, Alexander M. Schenker. Im Slovenian, my mother tongue is Slovenian, however I have also learnt Serbo-Croatian from a very early age. The literary language itself is no longer written, but works written in it are still used in public for instance in dramas and church masses (Jembrigh 2014). That movie doesnt have subtitle in Serbia but I think its a big mistake. Give me a figure in % for the Rusyn if you would. I do hope that you understand the point. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Aog4AJdQM. It is very strange when some words are not understood, although the communication is possible. All South Slavic languages in effect form a large dialect continuum of gradually mutually intelligible varieties depending on distance between the areas where they are spoken. Hello Mr Lindsay, There can be huge differences between spoken/written forms of a Slavic language, because the written form may have a very similar vocabulary, phonology and grammar, but due to a different, strong stress, you wont understand almost anything. Yes because governments dont conspire do they except for the Gulf of Tonkin, Iraq war, drug trafficking, coups, supporting the same Islamic terrorism which is even mentioned in main stream press during the 90s with links to the 9/11 hijackers which we are now supposably fighting a phoney war on terror against. I can understand anyone who speaks English, even those who speak it as foreigners might say too fast. It is true that Western Slovak dialects can understand Czech well, but Central Slovak, Eastern Slovak and Extraslovakian Slovak dialects cannot. Also what is a dialect and what is a language? becomes confusing for me since I can say a sentence in Kai/Cha thats almost the same in Slovene but different in BSCM standards. It was for me a bit strange, because Bulgarian science still supports the thesis that Macedonian is Bulgarian. What about USAs dialects. Although even if they stuck to Polish/Ukrainian, they'd probably still understand each other. It depends which dialect. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings. Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in writing. Test only Serbs who know almost no English (they exist in older generation). And yes, comprehension has suffered since Czechoslovakia broke up, due to lack of exposure. At some point he probably became a rogue or double agent, General Musharraf says. Femke Swarte studied the mutual intelligibility of twenty Germanic language combinations. Slovak has 91% intelligibility of Czech. I cannot understand that much of kajkavski nor akavski, but I can understand more akavski than I can kajkavski. However, there are dialects in between Ukrainian and Russian such as the Eastern Polissian and Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian that are intelligible with both languages. Kajkavian is probably closer to Slovenian than it is to Chakavian. Ukrainian and Belarusian are mutually intelligible and in general very close and have some common features like synthetical future, but Russian speakers (who know only Russian) only partially understand Ukrainian/Belarusian. It is not true at all that Ukrainian and Russian are mutually intelligible, as Russian only has 50% intelligibility of Ukrainian. Was he educated? The Aegean Macedonian dialects mostly spoken in Greece, such as the Lerinsko-Kostursko and Solunsko-Vodenskadialects, sound more Bulgarian than Macedonian. Belarusian is, in a sense, in between other slavic languages. Czech completely and utterly incomprehensible. Belarussian almost completely comprehensible, except a few words. But when you see it, you are shocked that you can read it. They have more in common than you might think! Robert does look at these stories. In the towns of Pirot and Vranje, it cannot be said that they speak Serbo-Croatian; instead they speak this Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian mixed speech. However, Russian is only 74% mutually intelligible with spoken Belarusian and 50% mutually intelligible with spoken Ukrainian. 15), Part II", "Intelligibility of standard German and Low German to speakers of Dutch", "Cross-Border Intelligibility on the Intelligibility of Low German among Speakers of Danish and Dutch", "Mutual intelligibility of Dutch-German cognates by humans and computers", "Morpho-syntax of mutual intelligibility in the Turkic languages of Central Asia - Surrey Morphology Group", "Kirundi language, alphabet and pronunciation", "Tokelauan Language Information & Resources", "Majlis Bahasa Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia (MABBIM)", "Indonesian-Malay mutual intelligibility? There was a lot of past Yugoslav politics that hid the truth. Much like Nordic languages. True science would involve scientific intelligibility testing of Slavic language pairs. can take anywhere. But other results that included Czech and Bulgarian were very poor. Serbians often say radiu and its very similar to Croatian raditi u or radit u, but sometimes Serbians say ja u da radim or even u da radim without ja (I), because u is first singular form of the verb hteti and ja is needless, but its very rare and common for southern Serbian dialects and also very very irregular in official Serbian, but that is very similar to official Macedonian. Basically, when you are listening to Bulgarians, you only hear an incomprehensible row of ta-jat-to-ta-jat-ta-to-ta. Croatian linguist. Croatian-Shtokavian is only a dialect of Serbian language. Could you please explain what you mean by language and intelligibility and hopefully remedy this failure of the original text? Generally, when foreigners say speakers of a certain language speak too fast, speakers of that language can hear that fast speech just fine. Many Ukrainian-speakers consider the language . Im The Lizard King, I Can Do Anything! Do Ukrainians and Polish like each other? Russian has high intelligibility of Belarussian, on the order of 75%. I have friends from Bulgaria and I can tell you that they have problems by understanding some things. Its predecessor stage is known in Western academia as Ruthenian (14th to 17th centuries), in turn descended from what is referred to in modern linguistics as Old East Slavic (10th to 13th centuries). non-Shtokavian dialects: Kajkavian, Chakavian and Torlakian) diverge more significantly from all four normative varieties. Menu. However, Bulgarians claim to be able to understand Serbo-Croatian better than the other way around. Also sorry for my English. Ukrainian language, formerly called Ruthenian or Little Russian (now considered pejorative), Ukrainian Ukrans'ka mova, East Slavic language spoken in Ukraine and in Ukrainian communities in Kazakhstan, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Lithuania, and Slovakia and by smaller numbers elsewhere. In akavian they are once more old slavic. Also, I can only understand a small bit of Russian, and Ukrainian is even more far off for me(the pronunciation is easier but understanding is harder) and I can understand quite a bit of bulgarian(especially when written). Czechs claim only 10-15% intelligibility of Polish. My take on it is right here. In fact, people in the north of Poland regard Silesian as incomprehensible. Id guess mutual intelligibility there is somewhere on the level of 75~80%, which is pretty pathetic. December 2014. Once you pick up those basic 50 words, understanding Macedonian becomes super easy that was my experience with Macedonian friends (the few of them who dont speak Serbian). The main Shtokavian dialects of Croatian, Serbian, Montenegrin and Bosnian are mutually intelligible. Look at this Polish girl: The problem is that most linguists are not interested in scientific intelligibility testing of language pairs. ", "Moldovan (limba moldoveneasc / )", "Experimental methods for measuring intelligibility of closely related language varieties", "Mutual intelligibility between closely related languages in Europe", Harold Schiffman, "Linguists' Definition: mutual intelligibility", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mutual_intelligibility&oldid=1137818628, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2015, Pages with login required references or sources, Articles needing additional references from July 2022, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from March 2015, Articles with self-published sources from April 2020, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Kajkavian has higher mutual intelligibility with Slovene than with the national varieties of Shtokavian. Belarusian is closer to Polish and Ukrainian than Russian. You are wrong about Slovenian and Croatian languages. 7. The differences to me are like New England English versus English in the deep South versus Australian. But still Slovene and Dalmatian akavian speaker can talk if they stick to old slavic part of their respective languages. Re: Rus/Ukr Russians, they usually need some adaptation time (and of course they need to be willing to try -- which is not always the case, since many Russians are monolingual and . I can only speak from my personal experience (business trips to Czech Republic - Ostrava, Praha, Mlad Boleslav, Mikulov ). Ukrainian has 62% lexical similarity with Russian but 70% with Polish, which isn't high enough for mutual intelligibility with both Russian and Polish, but Poles can certainly understand Ukrainian much better than Russian, and Russians can understand Ukrainian much better than Poles. Around year 550 Slovenians went west and Macedonians/Bulgars went south. Buzet is actually transitional between Slovenian and Kajkavian. A Serbian native speaker felt that the percentages for South Slavic seemed to be accurate. The Russian language in the Ukraine has been declining recently mostly because since independence, the authorities have striven to make the new Ukrainian as far away from Russian as possible by adopting the Kharkiv Standard adopted in 1927 and jettisoning the 1932 Standard which brought Ukrainian more in line with Russian. Heres his interview with Bosnian figures, and Bosnian is part of B/H/S landscape Why not look em up on his site. What sort of Slav nation are you a part of my friend? You also have these words? Some Poles say they find Silesian harder to understand than Belorussian or Slovak, which implies intelligibility of 20-25%. How is it possible if they speak the same language? Because they use different alphabets, German and Yiddish are only mutually intelligible when spoken. Thank you very much for this. Problem is the spoken form, as Bulgarians dont speak as it is written, which is the case with serbian or croatian. My parents (and naturally me when I was child) make a lot of mistakes in the word cases and it means that they are (for the speakers from more west Serbian and also Croatian region) the lower social group, that they are not educated enough or that they are unread, and why dont Macedonians in their native language too, especially in ex Yugoslavia. Torlakians are often said to speak Bulgarian, but this is not exactly the case. Ive watched that movie on a croatian television with the croatian subtitle and understood that movie much much better, though Croatian also has a little differences. If you think this website is valuable to you, please consider a contribution to support the continuation of the site. Im of the Yugoslav variety by rearing, and a Serb by select bits of culture, by most of my native language and by all of where my tax money goes. The dialects of Ukrainian do not differ extensively from one another and are all mutually intelligible. Accent is on last or penultimate syllable. Some comments on Ukrainian: Slobozhan Ukrainian speakers in this region find it easier to understand their Russian neighbors than the Upper DnistrianUkrainian spoken in the far west in the countryside around Lviv. Mezentseva, Inna. I would like to know if anyone could confirm that you could indeed . Jen. I believe I cant say that I would understand every word, but it is usually not difficult to guess some missing gaps from the context, so I could read professional books in Bulgarian in the past. My family comes from Kaikavian (50%), Chakavian (25%) and Shtokavian (25%) areas, but at home, especially last years, we prefer to use only Kaikavian-Chakavian. Hutsul, Lemko, Boiko speech (small Ukrainian/Rusyn dialects) stangely enough, more comprehensible than standard Ukrainian. Subtitles are absurd when 99% of the audience can already understand whats going on. Written intelligibility is higher at 25%. She didnt have any problem following. I was born in Upper State and I can barely understand some southern speakers.Do you think the politics in USA is also preventing the formation of new languages ? People from Lviv and larger cities and towns in western Ukraine have a slight clipped accent but they speak standard Ukrainian. In fact, many Macedonians are switching away from the Macedonian language towards Serbo-Croatian. Bulgarian more comprehensible than standard Ukrainian. How much Slovene can your average Chakavian speaker understand? Languages can also be mutually intelligible only in spoken forms such as Polish and Ukrainian or only in written forms such as Icelandic and Faroese. The British Academy funded research project dedicated to examining mutual intelligibility between Karakalpak, Kazakh and Uzbek languages is currently under way at the, This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 16:40. Therefore I would go with 25%. Personally, I must admit that Serbs from areas above Nis (cf. Download: For Macedonian without knowledge of other Slavic languages is also difficult to understand all the words which come from Russian and which are not current in Macedonian. I can read and understand a lot of Bulgarian in written form, its basically old slavic , many such words are simply obsolete or archaic in modern serbian, but i do get the gist of any written article. Hello, the difference of course is completely arbitrary, but above 90%, most speakers regard their comprehension as full or say things like I understand it completely. Below 90%, it starts getting a lot more iffy, and down towards 80-85%, people start saying things like, I understand most of it but not all! and people start regarding the other tongue as possibly a separate language. That word have special meaning and I think that Serbian needs that word, but if I tell that word seriously while I speak, everybody will laugh at me. Serbs/Croats used to live in the south Poland and they moved south to the current location. However, the Torlak Serbians can understand Macedonian well, as this is a Serbo-Croatian dialect transitional to both languages. We speak them too. It's also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. Slovenians have a very hard time understanding Poles and Czechs and vice versa. Chakavian has 82% intelligibility of Kajkavian. You are probably talking about the study Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages? Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria, there also exists a Macedonian norm, which (sao=also?) Polish is not intelligible with Kashubian, a language related to Polish spoken in the north of Poland. If the central varieties die out and only the varieties at both ends survive, they may then be reclassified as two languages, even though no actual language change has occurred during the time of the loss of the central varieties. Slovenian while it sounds slavic to me is not intelligible at all save for a few words here and there. Russian is partially mutually intelligible with Ukrainian, Rusyn and Belarusian. 5 (2): 135146. The results: Click here to get a copy. Intelligibility among languages can vary between individuals or groups within a language population according to their knowledge of various registers and vocabulary in their own language, their exposure to additional related languages, their interest in or familiarity with other cultures, the domain of discussion, psycho-cognitive traits, the mode of language used (written vs. oral), and other factors. For me having learnt some Slavic languages and watching Bulgarian TV was not very difficult. Re: Cz/Slo They are native Kajkavian speakers and this is another proof that Kajkavian is actually Slovenian. However Serbian, Bosnian, and Croatian are not like Czech and Slovak. President Musharraf of Pakistan says that the CIA has secretly paid his government millions of dollars for handing over hundreds of al-Qaeda suspects to America.. They are essentially speaking the same language. Personally Im a Taoist in relation to 9/11, the middle way, you know? The Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family is known for its languages being relatively closely related. If you choose to study a language thats mutually intelligible with one you already know, chances are youll have to put a lot less work in than if you were learning a language from scratch. While common speech from urban areas arent always mutually intelligible across regions, speakers from these regions can often use a more formal form of Arabic to speak with each other. some things in this article are heavily exaggerated. Is the virgin Intelligibility important? In addition, the Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian and Russian such as (Slobozhan Ukrainian and Slobozhan Russian) spoken in Kantemirov (Voronezhskaya Oblast, Russia), and Kuban Russian or Balachka spoken in the Kuban area right over the eastern border of Ukraine are very close to each other. In fact, I cannot often identify any words at all. I use Wikipedia as a reference for new languages that Wikipedia misses, like the 4 Croatian languages. What percentage of Ukraine speaks Polish? Ive yet to see a speaker of BCS that recognizes the obvious: these three languages are just the same. I also met Croats from Zagreb that never learn Slovenian or live in Slovenia and I thought they are native Slovenian speakers because they can speak Slovenian perfectly. Some people in Croatia asked me if I speak Kajkavian when I spoke Slovenian with my friends. I dismiss some of the wilder conspiracy stuff out of hand. So I asked my Russian wife to listen to some of them (mostly local news on Youtube). Also I have a long article coming up as a chapter in a peer reviewed book being published out of Turkey. Nobody Ive ever talked to that lived in Serbia had anything other than [u] for //. It should be noted that this division is conditional (actually: arbitrary) (and) names do not reflect the different languages, but only periods in the development of the Bulgarian language, which (have) detectable traits. Nice article, but I think there is a difference between spoken mutual intelligibility and different languages. Silesian or Upper Silesian is also a separate language spoken in Poland, often thought to be halfway between Polish and Czech. Czech and Polish are incomprehensible to Serbo-Croatian speakers (Czech 10%, Polish 5%), but Serbo-Croatian has some limited comprehension of Slovak, on the order of 25%. Asymmetric intelligibility refers to two languages that are considered partially mutually intelligible, but where one group of speakers has more difficulty understanding the other language than the other way around. Serbians and Bosnians not so such. This is simply not the case. A Serb gave me this information. The more the better. One way to look at Macedonian is that it is a Serbo-Croatian-Bulgarian transitional lect. Map; Russia's Periphery* Baltic States. Speakers of the Torlak dialect (any Torlak dialect) understand Serbo-Croation, Macedonian and Bulgarian with no problem, and can comprehand Slovenian as much as 80-90% within a few weeks of exposure. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. If you choose to learn a language which is at least to some extent mutually intelligible to a language you already know . Although the standard view is that Balachka is a Ukrainian dialect, some linguists say that it is actually a separate language closely related to Ukrainian. I kind of like it though . 4. Bulgarian has 80% intelligibility of Macedonian, 41% of Russian, and 5% of Polish and Czech. But they would learn it quickly if they cared. Chakavian and Kajkavian have high, but not full mutual intelligibility. A western Slovak can even understand most of Ruthenians hen they are speaking. Serbo-Croatian has only 20% intelligibility of Ukrainian. I confess to not being a linguist, and therefore didnt see past the problematic sentence . Czech-Polish is not at 12% anymore, a new study has found it is 32%. When it is relatively symmetric, it is characterized as "mutual". http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/usama-bin-laden/view The translation is not very problematic. [1] Advanced speakers of a second language typically aim for intelligibility, especially in situations where they work in their second language and the necessity of being understood is high. Its true that Slavic languages are not intelligible in the taking-the-first-person-from-the-street-and-making-them-listen-to-a-random-conversation way, that is, an average Slavic speaker with an untrained ear and little to no exposure to other Slavic languages will have difficulty understanding other Slavic languages. Its spelling, however, is quite different from any of them. The main difference is in the ortography. Yes and if you could more than one listener, it would be great. Slovak students do not have to pass a language test at Czech universities.
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