Rudolf II(July 18, 1552 – January 20, 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor(1576–1612), King of Hungaryand Croatia(as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia(1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria(1576–1608). During his periods of self-imposed isolation, Rudolf reportedly had affairs with his court chamberlain, Wolfgang von Rumpf, and a series of valets. This book consists of articles from Wikia or other free sources online. Rudolf II (July 18, 1552 - January 20, 1612) was King of Hungary (as Rudolf, 1572-1608), King of Bohemia (as Rudolf II, 1575-1608/1611), Archduke of Austria (as Rudolf V, 1576-1608), and Holy Roman Emperor (as Rudolf II, 1576-1612). The collection remaining at Prague was looted during the last year of the Thirty Years War, by Swedish troops who sacked Prague Castle on 26 July 1648, also taking the best of the paintings, many of which later passed to the OrlĂŠans Collection after the death of Christina of Sweden. His parents were first cousins, and he was their eldest son. It was housed at Prague Castle, where between 1587 and 1605 he built the northern wing to house his growing collections. Cookies are a technical feature necessary for the basic functions of the website. by Paul de la Houve. Rudolf II, 1552–1612, Holy Roman emperor (1576–1612), king of Bohemia (1575–1611) and of Hungary (1572–1608), son and successor of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II Maximil He suffered from periodic bouts of "melancholy" (depression), which was common in the Habsburg line. To request high-resolution files or new photography, please send an email to imagerequest@risd.edu and include your name and the object's accession number. Successor Matthias Like his contemporary, Elizabeth I of England, Rudolf dangled himself as a prize in a string of diplomatic negotiations for marriages, but never in fact married. The second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Austria has been thoroughly updated and greatly expanded. Rudolf condemned his son's act and suggested that he should be imprisoned for the rest of his life. RUDOLF II OF HABSBURG, HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR — (1552 1612) Rudolf II, one of history s most eccentric individuals, was a ruler, a madman, an alchemist, and a patron of the arts. Before his accession, he ruled the Austrian hereditary lands of the Habsburgs in the name of his elder brother, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Unwilling to compromise with the Turks, and stubbornly determined that he could unify all of Christendom with a new Crusade, he started a long and indecisive war with the Turks in 1593. Simon Winder. Rudolf was also fascinated by natural phenomena, and commissioned his own court artists to produce paintings of natural objects and animals. Rudolf II Becomes The Holy Emperor And Religious Tensions In Europe Escalate. He was a member of the House of Habsburg. The Emperor is a lover of stones, and not simply because he hopes thus to increase his dignity and majesty, but through them to raise awareness of the glory of God, the ineffable might of Him who concentrates the beauty of the whole world into such small bodies and in them unites the seeds of all other things in creation. We employ analysis cookies to continually improve and update our websites and services for you. 18 July 1552: Rudolf II, future Holy Roman Emperor, born Rudolf wa... s born # OTD in 1552 to the future Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, and Maria of Spain. https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/kunst-und-wunderkammer-emperor-rudolf-ii. Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor as Rudolf II (1576-1612), King of Hungary as Rudolf (1572-1608), King of Bohemia as Rudolf II (1575-1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria as Rudolf V (1576-1608). Greatly interested in chemistry, alchemy, astronomy and astrology, he was a patron of Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler. Although a great patron* of the arts and learning, Rudolf II was an incompetent ruler who suffered from periods of severe depression. He was a member of the House of Habsburg. He has many claims to fame and infamy. Found insideIn this strikingly ambitious book, Peter H. Wilson explains how the Empire worked, why it was so important, and how it changed over the course of its existence. Rudolf II, the king of Hungary and Bohemia, succeeds his father, Maximillian II, as Holy Roman Emperor. Tycho Brahe developed the Rudolfine tables (finished by Kepler, after Brahe's death), the first comprehensive table of data of the movements of the planets. Rudolf was married twice. Viceroy of Spain (1548-50), Holy Roman Emperor (1564-76), King of Bohemia (1564-76) as Maxmilián -cr 1562, King of Hungary (1564-76) as Miksa -cr 8.9.1563, Made Emperor of Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia; Crowned in 1572, Holy Roman Emperor: Managed by: Henn Sarv: Last Updated: April 30, 2019 There were even images of unicorns, dragons and mandrakes in his collections. However, this collection was not a gallery in the modern sense but rather united works of art with exotic animals, minerals, lapidary work and much more besides. Sexual allegations may well have formed a part of the campaign against him. He was a member of the Habsburg family. Mars and Venus United by Love, 1570s Paolo Veronese (Paolo Caliari) (Italian, Venetian, 1528–1588) Oil on canvas; 81 x 63 3/8 in. The mitre is divided into four sections representing the high honours of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II. De Boodt was an avid mineral collector. Holy Roman Emperor* from 1576 to 1612, he focused more on artistic than on political matters and exercised little control over the religious conflicts that threatened the stability of his empire. Plundered in 1648 by Swedish forces when Prague was captured, only parts of it are today extant in the Vienna collections. The Bohemians continued to press for further freedoms, and Rudolf used his army to repress them. Found inside – Page 388Albert II (King 1438–1439) great-great grandson of Rudolf I of Habsburg (Albertine line) Frederick III (King 1440–1493; Holy Roman Emperor 1452–1493) ... In the inventory covering the years 1607 to 1611 Daniel Fröschl (1563â1613), court painter and administrator of the imperial collections, listed natural objects including chameleons, crocodiles, fish, a bird of paradise and many other creatures. [2] Rudolf would remain for the rest of his life reserved, secretive, and largely a homebody who did not like to travel or even partake in the daily affairs of state. Rudolf II (July 18, 1552 - January 20, 1612) was King of Hungary (as Rudolf, 1572-1608), King of Bohemia (as Rudolf II, 1575-1608/1611), Archduke of Austria (as Rudolf V, 1576-1608), and Holy Roman Emperor (as Rudolf II, 1576-1612). You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the CC-BY-SA. Rudolf II 1552–1612 King of Hungary and Bohemia, Holy Roman Emperor. Vocelka, Karl: Rudolf II. No evidence in support of this single piece of hearsay has ever been discovered. He had frequent bouts of insanity which allowed the structure of his government to be undermined. Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria (1552-1612) Rudolf II, imperatore del Sacro romano impero. Sculptured by Adriaen de Vries (1556-1626) a Northern Mannerist sculptor. This painting can be seen at the Lobkowicz Palace in the Rozmberk room. Rudolf II (July 18, 1552 – January 20, 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). Found insideThe Routledge Handbook of Material Culture in Early Modern Europe marks the arrival of early modern material culture studies as a vibrant, fully-established field of multi-disciplinary research. Details on the individual cookies can be found under âCookie settingsâ. Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612), born Rudolf von Habsburg, was the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1576 until his death, the King of Hungary and Croatia, the King of Bohemia, and the Archduke of Austria. Between ages 11-19, Rudolf lived in Spain at the court of his uncle, Philip II of Spain, and returned to Vienna with a Spanish demeanor which pleased his mother. Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor. All the members of the Habsburg dynasty. The plunder from the castle at Prague included 470 paintings, 69 bronze figures, several thousand coins and medals, 179 objects of ivory, 50 objects of amber and coral, 600 vessels of agate and crystal, 174 works of faience, 403 Indian curiosa, 185 works of precious stone, uncut diamonds, more than 300 mathematical instruments and many other objects. Hayward, J. F., 1980. Bronze bust of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (1552-1612) King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, and Archduke of Austria. Maria Theresa As mentioned before, Rudolf also attracted some of the best scientific instrument makers of the time, such as Jost Buergi, Erasmus Habermel and Hans Christoph Schissler. Skip to content. According to hearsay passed on in a letter written by Johannes Marcus Marci in 1665, Rudolf was said to have acquired the manuscript at some unspecified time for 600 gold ducats. Rudolf II was Holy Roman emperor from 1576 to 1612. [5] The emperor was the subject of a whispering campaign by his enemies in his family and the Church in the years before he was deposed. The document, issued in 1584, sought to protect the work of local, trained coppersmiths against the abuses perpetrated by unauthorised practitioners of the trade like boilermakers-turned-coppersmiths and similar fraudsters. His ill health and unpopularity prevented him from restraining the religious dissensions that eventually led to the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48). Dovvia Kay Reichstag, 1598. Rudolf even performed his own experiments in a private alchemy laboratory. In 1605 Rudolf was forced by his other family members to cede control of Hungarian affairs to his younger brother Archduke Matthias. In 1782, the remainder of the collection was sold piecemeal to private parties by Joseph II. This act was seen as a revival, or transference, of the Roman empire (translatio imperii), prophesied to be the last of four earthly kingdoms preceding the Apocalypse. Ferdinand II of Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor 1619–1637 King in Germany 1619–1637. First, in 1251, to Gertrude of Hohenberg and second, in 1284, to Isabelle of Burgundy. Rudolf was angry with his brother's concessions, which he saw as giving away too much in order to further Matthias' hold on power. Born on 18 July 1552 in Vienna, Austria, Rudolf II spent his childhood in Spain that the House of Habsburg ruled at the time. Rudolf's legacy has Select a period in Habsburg history, from the beginnings of Habsburg rule in the Middle Ages to the collapse of the Monarchy during the First World War. Ceremonial swords and musical instruments, clocks, water works, astrolabes, compasses, telescopes and other scientific instruments, were all produced for him by some of the best craftsmen in Europe. Rudolf II was Holy Roman Emperor Upon Rudolf’s death, Matthias succeeded in the rule of Bohemia. Rudolf died in 1612, nine months after he had been stripped of all effective power by his younger brother, except the empty title of Holy Roman Emperor, to which Matthias was elected five months later. But Matthias rallied support from the disaffected Hungarians and forced Rudolf to cede the crowns of Hungary, Austria, and Moravia to him. Harold B. Lee Library: referencedIn: Holy Roman Empire. [1] By 1604 his Hungarian subjects were exhausted by the war and revolted, led by Stephen Bocskay. Rudolf was born in Vienna on 18 July 1552. Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor as Rudolf II (1576-1612), King of Hungary as Rudolf (1572-1608), King of Bohemia as Rudolf II (1575-1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria as Rudolf V (1576-1608). The election of Rudolf of Habsburg as Roman-German King took place at the close of a period that is often described as the Great Interregnum. The first section shows him kneeling, receiving the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire in Regensburg as Holy Roman Emperor. Texas Tech University Libraries, Academic Library: creatorOf: Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, 1552-1612. Rudolf II von Habsburg was born 18 July 1552 to Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (1527-1576) and Maria of Spain (1528-1603) and died 20 January 1612 of unspecified causes. Book contains extracts from memoirs, essays on the contributions of Jews to Austrian civilization and on the rise of political antisemitism in Austria. It is difficult to think of a theme in Bohemian and Central European history in the early modern age that is so popular and at the same time still today so little understood as that of the alchemy that is associated with the reign of the ... When building was completed in 1605, the collection was moved to the dedicated Kunstkammer. He was the eldest son and successor of Rudolf was born in Vienna on 18 July 1552. Maximilian was succeeded in 1576 by Rudolf II, a strange man who preferred classical Greek philosophy to Christianity and lived an isolated existence in Bohemia. He was the eldest son and successor of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, and King of Hungary and Croatia; his mother was Maria of Spain, a daughter of Charles V and Isabella of Portugal. Rudolf II (July 18, 1552 – January 20, 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). 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