79. Hypnosis was used at first and relieved her symptoms, as it had done for many patients (See Module 1). So the dog now reliably salivates at the sound of the bell because he expects that food will follow, and it does. The pain was enough that I never walked up and down the street echoing my identity crisis for all to hear. Which model is MOST likely to predict that transference will occur during therapy? Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role-playing and a "here and now" orientation, are _____ therapists. The biopsychosocial model (BPS) was first proposed by George L. Engel and Jon Romano of the University of Rochester in 1977. 35. c. abnormality arises from an interaction between predisposition and stress. With which type of schedule would you expect a person to stop responding to immediately if reinforcement is not there? There will be some variability in terms of what symptoms are displayed, but in general, all people with a specific psychopathology have symptoms from that group. Joanie has social anxiety. 14. Prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine. In the case of borderline personality disorder, many people report experiencing traumatic life events such as abandonment, abuse, unstable relationships or hostility, and adversity during childhood. Only about 10 percent of those who receive couple therapy eventually divorce. Once in the brain, it is processed and interpreted. b. b. family structure and communication. c. ego. 68. d. fixation. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: Nikolai's grandmother has just baked cookies and is placing them on a cooling rack. How so? 113. PDF Psychological Disorders Over time, he begins to understand how events in his early life have impacted how he functions now. Learning has two main forms associative learning and observational learning. A man has cheated on his partner and he feels very guilty, but soon he begins to make excuses, saying that his partner has nagged him for years. The results of this study led him to conclude that _____ greatly affects mental illness. Once collected or sensed (sensation is the cognitive process of detecting the physical energy given off or emitted by physical objects), the information is sent to the brain through the neural impulse. A boy believes that he is deserving of love only when he earns good grades. She ultimately decided not to copy, knowing that doing so was wrong. The drug causes severe vomiting if a person drinks alcohol while taking the drug. Observational learning. a. having the patient engage in activities that elicit anxiety b. prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine c. teaching the patient how to effectively challenge negative thoughts d. encouraging the patient to cultivate relationships with others who have similar anxieties. Those in the field of abnormal psychology study people's emotional, cognitive, and/or behavioral problems.Abnormal behavior may be defined as behavior that is disturbing (socially unacceptable), distressing, maladaptive (or selfdefeating), and often the result of distorted thoughts (cognitions).. Several perspectives (models, approaches derived from data) and theories attempt to explain the . One option to treat severe mental illness is psychotropic medications. Solved model Curl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on the - Chegg What is an important characteristic of group therapy? 2.2.2.1. Stimulants are generally effective and produce a calming effect. They include Lisdexamfetamine, the combination of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine, and Methylphenidate. b. the evolution of adaptive and maladaptive behavior is fundamentally different. b. cognitive-behavioral Anne has distant parents, failing grades, and insufficient funds for basic necessities and also develops depression. The strategies arise from all three learning models. This should sound much like what you just read about in terms of Thorndikes work. 2. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1906, 1927, 1928), a Russian physiologist, was interested in studying digestive processes in dogs in response to being fed meat powder. Consider hunger, and the associated rumbling of our stomach, fatigue, lack of energy, etc., that motivates us to find and eat food. Second, the viewpoint that all human behavior is explainable in biological terms, and therefore when issues arise, they can be treated using biological methods, overlooks factors that are not fundamentally biological. Stimulants increase ones alertness and attention and are frequently used to treat ADHD. 17. For operant conditioning, this means that if I make a behavior, then a specific consequence will follow. With each subsequent escape and re-insertion into the box, the cat became faster at correctly manipulating the levers. d. lend itself easily to research. They all attempt to explain the causes and treatments for all psychological illnesses, and all from a different approach. The effectiveness of biological treatments cannot be objectively evaluated. Maybe it changed to biweekly and I missed the email. Due to this endurance, we say that intermittent or partial reinforcement shows resistance to extinction, meaning the behavior does weaken, but gradually. b. a. b. develop depression even when not under stress. a. 158. b. encourage clients to use spiritual resources that aid with coping. c. humanistic-existential A goal of behavior-focused therapy is to: a. prevent feelings of anger and acts of aggression. Over time, the temper tantrums become more and more common. Evaluate the usefulness of the cognitive model. b. hypotheses. However, people can build up a tolerance to benzodiazepines if they are taken over a long period of time and may need higher and higher doses to get the same effect. Side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, difficulty urinating, and irregular heartbeat, to name a few. Simply, she placed the child in one end of a room and then brought in the rabbit. The cat could escape the box and reach the food by manipulating a series of levers. Greshka spilled iced coffee on her shirt while sitting in the park. Discuss the concept of a model and identify those important to understanding psychopathology. Would you want notes from the student in the front or back of the class? A person has a recurring dream of losing her dog. Module 2: Models of Abnormal Psychology c. cognitive Content that was turned away was said to be repressed. To be considered distinct from other conditions, a mental illness must have its own set of symptoms. d. classical conditioning. ABNORMAL CHAPTER 3 - Subjecto.com 91. d. who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness. Infants tend to do things that feel good. 110. Explain the need for a multi-dimensional model of abnormality. According to psychoanalytic theory, which statement is TRUE about dreams? Possible side effects include loss of appetite, headache, motor or verbal tics, and personality changes such as appearing emotionless. Supporters of the medical model consequently consider symptoms to be outward signs of the inner physical disorder and believe that if symptoms are grouped together and classified into . Which type of theorist would focus on the athlete's illogical thinking process as a key factor in her subsequent poor performance? Regret orientation Focusing on what you could have done better in the past rather than on improving now. 44. She had another shirt with her and wanted to change right then and there. Evaluating the behavioral model. This therapy is BEST described as: Your romantic partner of four years ends the relationship suddenly and cuts off all contact. a. depression b. Huntingtons disease c. social anxiety disorder d. schizophrenia. Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? For more information on psychotropic medications, please visit: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications/index.shtml. Pavlov realized some stimuli automatically elicited responses (such as salivating to meat powder) and other stimuli had to be paired with these automatic associations for the animal or person to respond to it (such as salivating to a bell). d. understand how beliefs and values are related to behaviors. d. They are the brains attempts to understand abnormal electrical activity. The earlier that treatment begins, the more effective it can be., https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/men-and-mental-health/index.shtml, In relation to women: Some disorders are more common in women such as depression and anxiety. In terms of operant conditioning, strategies include antecedent manipulations, prompts, punishment procedures, differential reinforcement, habit reversal, shaping, and programming. In this family, the children are also discouraged from asking for advice or seeking support. b. focusing on the here and now. These are the same four discussed under respondent conditioning. The development of personality. Identify and define important neurotransmitters. She had another shirt with her and wanted to change right then and there. d. self-help therapy. a. family-social b. multicultural c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential, 135. Differentiate uni- and multi-dimensional models of abnormality. What are the five psychosexual stages according to Freud? Describe the role of genes in mental illness. c. superego. In Module 2, we will discuss three models of abnormal behavior to include the biological, psychological, and sociocultural models. Psychosurgery. Models aid us with doing all of this. When it comes to other mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, research has not found differences in the ratesat whichmen and women experience these illnesses. Robin struggles to make decisions about romantic partners, jobs, and even what to wear. The problem with this approach is that mental disorders are not typically caused by a solitary factor, but multiple causes. Which model of abnormality cites physical processes as being the key to behavior? It consists of the brain and spinal cord. In her dream, she panics and looks for her dog everywhere. c. cognitive-behavioral therapy. They can be identified, treated, and monitored by observing and identifying physiological signs. 56. The rabbit was far enough away so as not to cause distress. Chapter 3 Flashcards by Burton Dwight | Brainscape a. psychodynamic b. cognitive c. humanistic-existential d. behavioral. 40. A feminist therapist would MOST likely focus on: how prejudice and discrimination impact women. Criticisms. A general term used for Freud's, Adler's, and Jung's theories is: The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. a. existential b. humanistic c. sociocultural d. behavior-focused, 139. If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed: In the 1960s and 1970s, social upheaval and soul-searching in Western society gave rise to humanistic and existential therapies. So I kept doing it and doing it until one day, another kid grew tired of hearing about my other identity and punched me in the face. Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to: a. genetic make-up. 118. Over time, the temper tantrums become more and more common. b. There are times when we learn by simply watching others. a. an actual symptom b. the community mental health system c. labeling d. communication. Operant conditioning is a type of associate learning which focuses on consequences that follow a response or behavior that we make (anything we do or say) and whether it makes a behavior more or less likely to occur. You can generate a percentage of times you ruminated to the number of successful problem-solving strategies you generated. If a behavior is not memorable, it will not be imitated. It is the most commonly used biological treatment for mental disorders. They reflect our unconscious desires and needs. Types include habituation, or when we simply stop responding to repetitive and harmless stimuli in our environment such as a fan running in your laptop as you work on a paper, and sensitization, or when our reactions are increased due to a strong stimulus, such as an individual who experienced a mugging and now panics when someone walks up behind him/her on the street. c. existential. The motivation to form relationships with others is a central theme of: a. ego theory. d. disengaged. Mindfulness has been shown to be associated with improvements in which of the following? Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role-playing and a here and now orientation, are _____ therapists. According to psychoanalysts, if a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced: a. repression. d. projection. According to your reading on abnormal psychology, which term is defined as "the inability to perform in one or more important areas of functioning" and is a consideration in identifying the presence of a mental disorder? Individuals who are in a long-term relationship. 161. 119. A patients initial reaction to being told she has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. d. countertransference. A biological theorist studies a psychological disorder through the interconnectivity of an entire network of brain structures. Psychology Chapter 13 Flashcards - Easy Notecards If I do X, then Y will happen. c. social networks. Humans are born with freedom, yet do not naturally strive to reach their full growth potential. Providing treatment as soon as it is needed so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term issues is called: a. primary prevention. d. create an ideal set of genes. c. client-centered c. phallic stage. She is very open about herself and shares her thoughts and opinions freely. b. neurotransmitters. The major multidimensional model that is useful in understanding the causes of mental disorders is usually called the biopsychosocial model (BPS). c. unconditional positive regard. d. reality principle. In 1895, the book, Studies on Hysteria, was published by Josef Breuer (1842-1925) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), and marked the birth of psychoanalysis, though Freud did not use this actual term until a year later. d. only one factorstress or predispositionis necessary for abnormality to occur. A) The humanistic-existential model B) The family-social perspective C) The cognitive model D) The psychodynamic model B The model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values and choices in behavior is the _____ model. 2.3.3.3. Her symptoms appeared as she cared for her dying father, and her mother called on Breuer to diagnosis her condition (note that Freud never actually treated her). Transducers or receptor cells in the major organs of our five sensory systems vision (the eyes), hearing (the ears), smell (the nose), touch (the skin), and taste (the tongue) convert the physical energy that they detect or sense and send it to the brain via the neural impulse. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: a. catharsis. b. learned behavior. d. ego ideal. This thought is an example of: a. depression. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: Which model of abnormality MOST closely aligns with positive psychology? d. cognitive-behavioral. After several conditioning trials, the child responded with fear to the mere presence of the white rat (Panel C). Contingencies in Operant Conditioning. Your first semester of college, you have several midterms you need to study for. Anti-anxiety medications such as benzodiazepines are effective in relieving anxiety and take effect more quickly than the antidepressant medications (or buspirone) often prescribed for anxiety. If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed: a. spontaneity. d. Not enough therapists practice existential therapy to make it worth researching. The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking. In explaining why women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and depression twice as often as men, multicultural therapists would focus on: a. the biological differences between men and women. Since then, I haven't been able to swim in a lake. All of the models include an element of the biological model. The pituitary gland is the master gland which regulates other endocrine glands. The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the _____ model. Like schemas, the attributions we make can lead us astray. Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? Positive means that you are giving something good or bad. Genes, Hormonal Imbalances, and Viral Infections. First, libido is the psychic energy that drives a person to pleasurable thoughts and behaviors. b. existential. The good thing is that what is learned can be unlearned or relearned through behavior modification, the process of changing behavior. According to the psychodynamic model, current behavior is determined by all of the following EXCEPT: a. past experiences. It is present at birth, completely unconscious, and operates on the pleasure principle, resulting in selfishly seeking immediate gratification of our needs no matter what the cost. I'm here for you." 93. Mason's parents always pay special attention to him when he takes toys from his little sister. Antipsychotics are used to treat psychosis or conditions that affect the mind, and in which there has been some loss of contact with reality, often including delusions (false, fixed beliefs) or hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that are not really there). They can be used to treat eating disorders, severe depression, PTSD, OCD, ADHD, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Is there merit to this view? Which statement about couple therapy is MOST accurate? b. resistance. This is an example of: Which type of theorist would focus on the athletes illogical thinking process as a key factor in her subsequent poor performance? The biological model is generally well respected today but suffers a few key issues. Another example is how a baby will root for a food source if the mothers breast is placed near their mouth. The existential perspective. The Humanistic and Existential Perspectives. d. special external pressures faced by members of a culture. c. The underlying assumptions of each model are the same. They protect the neuron from harmful substances. 64. Once free, the cat was allowed to eat some food before being promptly returned to the box. The term covers a broad range of disorders, from depression to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to personality disorders. According to psychoanalysts, if a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced: A patient sees a therapist to help her address her eating disorder. c. The receiving neurons fire. Hence, they experience conditional positive regard. Of course, removing cognition from the study of psychology ignored an important part of what makes us human and separates us from the rest of the animal kingdom. a. long-term memory b. numerical and spatial reasoning c. autonomic nervous system functioning d. feelings of social connectedness among teens, 105. b. control biological factors by focusing on behavior. Module Overview. Evidence of the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy comes from: a. natural observation. Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on the: a. inferiority of particular cultural groups. Respondent conditioning (also called classical or Pavlovian conditioning) occurs when we link a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that is unlearned or inborn, called an unconditioned stimulus. 115. c. There is limited research supporting biological causes of mental illness. Food, water, temperature, and sex, for instance, are primary reinforcers, while extreme cold or hot or a punch on the arm are inherently punishing. They add, Oftentimes someone being treated with CBT will have homework in between sessions where they practice replacing negative thoughts with more realistic thoughts based on prior experiences or record their negative thoughts in a journal. For more on CBT, visit: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy. According to Freud, another term for the symbolic meaning of dreams is: a. positive transference. a. c. role-playing. According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the: a. oral stage. Messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called: Which model of abnormality focuses on learning and the thinking that underlies behavior? c. illogical thinking. The Structure of the Nervous System. None of the models are complete within themselves. c. children who very seldom fight. When Mathias did not get a job for which he applied, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. Transcribed image text: model Curl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on the psychological roots of abnormal behavior and the need of human for velf acceptance. Clarify what psychodynamic techniques are used. Those who sit in the back of the room are underachievers who dont care. a. focused primarily on unconscious thoughts, instincts, and conflict. The content of dreams includes the persons actual retelling of the dreams, called manifest content, and the hidden or symbolic meaning called latent content. There were times when something bit my foot while I was swimming, but I didn't get hurt at all. a. id b. ego c. superego d. personality. 29. Of course, most people do not experience this but instead are made to feel that they can only be loved and respected if they meet certain standards, called conditions of worth. According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the: A patient with a controlling mother is undergoing therapy. The genes responsible for anxiety disorders or related psychological patterns are the same genes that once helped our ancestors survive and reproduce. Biological Treatments for Psychological Abnormalities d. libido. A reliance on medication for treatment and belief that psychological illness is much like physical illness. Acceptance and commitment therapy borrows heavily from _____, which teaches individuals to pay attention to the thoughts and feelings that are flowing through their minds, and to accept their thoughts in a nonjudgmental way. 69. b. 87. In fact, in many college classrooms, this is exactly what the instructor does. Try figuring out if you genuinely do not have time to go to the gym by recording what you do each day and then look at open times of the day. An important factor to consider when prescribing drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that: a. some people do not benefit from drug treatments. Ashley is a pole-vaulter ready to go for her event. She could see the answers of the person next to her and briefly considered copying his answers. c. The underlying assumptions of each model are the same. This form of learning is called: a. shaping. Which of the following is an argument of critics of the evolutionary perspective? Over time I learned that attention was good. Infections can cause brain damage and lead to the development of mental illness or exacerbate existing symptoms. Consider where students sit in a class. According to the Genetics Home Reference website as part of NIHs National Library of Medicine, a gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity (https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene). 92. a. to lessen the power of thoughts b. to stop the client from comparing himself or herself to others c. to decrease internal negative self-talk d. to increase awareness of why the client behaves a certain way. Most people who receive couple therapy report no real improvement in their functioning. The psychologist who would MOST closely agree with this statement would be described as: Brooklyn learns to turn on the TV by watching her older brother turn it on. Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior - CliffsNotes b. Rogers. 129. This person is an A student but does not like being right under the nose of the professor, especially if he/she tends to spit when lecturing. Psychodynamic techniques. d. neurotransmitter imbalances. Personality develops over five distinct stages in which the libido focuses on different parts of the body. Abnormal behavior arises when we avoid making choices, do not take responsibility, and fail to actualize our full potential. c. maintenance. Which conclusion can be drawn from this finding? Again, your schema about front row and back row students is incorrect and causes you to make certain assumptions about these individuals. d. quaternary prevention. 143. Thats all right. c. who believe in a higher being are the healthiest. Techniques might include weighing the pros and cons of fighting uncertainty or change. For example, to be diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder, you must present with three of eight symptoms for criteria A whereas for a major depressive episode as part of Bipolar II disorder, you have to display five (or more) symptoms for criteria A. d. disengagement. The principle of multifinality emphasizes that: a. stress is the primary factor leading to abnormality. Once the information has been interpreted, commands are sent out, telling the body how to respond (Step E), also via the peripheral nervous system. 57. Briefly, these included: The article also suggested a few non-cognitive restructuring techniques, including mindfulness meditation and self-compassion. b. map, or sequence, genes. A patient sees a therapist to help her address her eating disorder. What is an important characteristic of group therapy? Counselors, clinical psychologists, and psychotherapists often work directly in .
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